{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T22:18:58Z","timestamp":1789165138526,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vox Sanguinis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency is common and typically defined as &lt;5\u20137\u2009mg\/dL. Individuals with absolute IgA deficiency (aIgA def) have extremely low levels, can produce allo\u2010anti\u2010IgA and may be at risk for anaphylactic transfusion reactions. There is no globally\u2010accepted definition of aIgA def. We sought to determine how rare donor programmes define IgA deficiency (IgA def), how they test for it and how they manage requests for aIgA def blood products.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We queried rare blood donor programmes that participate in the International Society of Blood Transfusion Working Party on Rare Donors using an email survey sent to 39 members representing 35 programmes in 28 countries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Responses were obtained from 23 programmes in 16 countries. Seventeen included IgA def as a rare phenotype, with nine classifying IgA def as levels &lt;0.05\u2009mg\/dL. Eight of the 14 programmes indicated that fulfilment of requests for IgA\u2010deficient products requires clinical consultation and 8 programmes require patients to have detectable anti\u2010IgA. Programmes reported provision of a small number of IgA\u2010deficient products in the past 5\u2009years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While respondents from rare donor programmes in 17 countries include aIgA def as a rare blood phenotype, programmes in 5 countries do not. The level of IgA used to define IgA def varies among programmes and, in some cases, across programmes within the same country. Further study is needed to better understand IgA\u2010mediated anaphylactic transfusion reactions. A recommendation is provided for managing transfusion support of patients considered at risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.70313","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T01:53:44Z","timestamp":1782266024000},"page":"1330-1337","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Survey of national and regional rare donor programmes regarding\n                    <scp>Immunoglobulin A<\/scp>\n                    deficiency"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"121","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6692-8213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margaret A.","family":"Keller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratories American Red Cross  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"American Rare Donor Program  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Working Party on Rare Donors, ISBT  Amsterdam Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanya","family":"Powley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Working Party on Rare Donors, ISBT  Amsterdam Netherlands"},{"name":"Pathology and Clinical Governance Australian Red Cross Lifeblood  Brisbane Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Lomas\u2010Francis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Working Party on Rare Donors, ISBT  Amsterdam Netherlands"},{"name":"Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute New York Blood Center  Rye New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Nance","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Working Party on Rare Donors, ISBT  Amsterdam Netherlands"},{"name":"University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7715-568X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thierry","family":"Peyrard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Working Party on Rare Donors, ISBT  Amsterdam Netherlands"},{"name":"Etablissement Fran\u00e7ais du Sang  La Plaine Saint\u2010Denis France"},{"name":"UMR_S1134 BIGR Inserm Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9  Paris France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 des Antilles  Pointe\u2010\u00e0\u2010Pitre France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inna","family":"Sareneva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Working Party on Rare Donors, ISBT  Amsterdam Netherlands"},{"name":"Finnish Red Cross Blood Service  Vantaa Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8635-0997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole","family":"Thornton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Working Party on Rare Donors, ISBT  Amsterdam Netherlands"},{"name":"International Blood Group Reference Laboratory NHS Blood and Transplant  Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nor Hafizah","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malaysian National Blood Centre  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Alonso\u2010Nogu\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Banc de Sang i Teixits  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Luisa","family":"Antelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Banco de Sangre y Tejidos de Navarra  Pamplona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aida","family":"Azc\u00e1rate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basque Center for Blood Transfusion and Human Tissues, Osakidetza  Galdakao Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enric","family":"Casanovas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Banc de Sang i Teixits  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lilian","family":"Castilho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Working Party on Rare Donors, ISBT  Amsterdam Netherlands"},{"name":"Hemocentro Unicamp  Campinas Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7738-3378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gwen","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Working Party on Rare Donors, ISBT  Amsterdam Netherlands"},{"name":"Laboratory Medicine and Pathology University of Alberta  Edmonton Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena Beatrice","family":"Coluccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunohaematology Reference Laboratory S.C. Transfusion Medicine Fondazione IRCCS C\u00e0 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Fachini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital S\u00edrio\u2010Liban\u00eas Blood Bank  Sao Paolo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dolores","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Red de Medicina transfusional, tejidos y c\u00e9lulas  Anadalucia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gema","family":"Forn\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Red de Medicina transfusional, tejidos y c\u00e9lulas  Anadalucia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tor","family":"Hervig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Irish Blood Transfusion Service  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Izak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Working Party on Rare Donors, ISBT  Amsterdam Netherlands"},{"name":"National Blood Services Magen David Adom  Ramla Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6364-8838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Larrea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blood Transfusion Center of the Valencian Community  Valencia Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, Health Sciences School Universidad Cardenal Herrera\u2010CEU, CEU Universities  Valencia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9609-3209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia","family":"Lejon\u2010Crottet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Working Party on Rare Donors, ISBT  Amsterdam Netherlands"},{"name":"Interregional Blood Transfusion SRC Ltd.  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Lucea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blood Transfusion Center of the Community of Madrid  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beate","family":"Mayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Transfusion Medicine Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin  Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Transfusion Medicine Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debbie","family":"McLinden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Working Party on Rare Donors, ISBT  Amsterdam Netherlands"},{"name":"South African National Blood Service  Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Monge\u2010Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basque Center for Blood Transfusion and Human Tissues, Osakidetza  Galdakao Spain"},{"name":"Cell Therapy, Stem Cells and Tissue Group, Biobizkaia Health Research Institute  Barakaldo Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo Muniz","family":"Diaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Working Party on Rare Donors, ISBT  Amsterdam Netherlands"},{"name":"Spanish Society of Blood Transfusion  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Ibero\u2010American Cooperative Group of Transfusion Medicine  Asunci\u00f3n Paraguay"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nuria","family":"Nogues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Banc de Sang i Teixits  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cinzia","family":"Paccapelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Working Party on Rare Donors, ISBT  Amsterdam Netherlands"},{"name":"Immunohaematology Reference Laboratory S.C. 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Transfusion Medicine Fondazione IRCCS C\u00e0 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1622-7352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Vendramin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Working Party on Rare Donors, ISBT  Amsterdam Netherlands"},{"name":"NHS Blood and Transplant  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2362-257X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naoko","family":"Watanabe\u2010Okochi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kanto Koshinetsu Block Blood Center, Japanese Red Cross  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9739-8948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christof","family":"Weinstock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Red Cross Blood Service Baden\u2010W\u00fcrttemberg \u2013 Hessen Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics  Ulm Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6404-1931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Blood Services  Vancouver Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9407-7727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ziyan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Working Party on Rare Donors, ISBT  Amsterdam Netherlands"},{"name":"Shanghai Blood Center  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda Bodecker","family":"Zingmark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Working Party on Rare Donors, ISBT  Amsterdam Netherlands"},{"name":"Ume\u00e5 University Hospital  Ume\u00e5 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vered","family":"Yahalom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Working Party on Rare Donors, ISBT  Amsterdam Netherlands"},{"name":"Blood Services &amp; Apheresis Institute Rabin Medical Center  Petach Tiqva Israel"},{"name":"Gray Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences Tel Aviv University  Tel Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the ISBT Working Party on Rare Donors","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1309\/1BTM2E2H81C9DVJN"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V90.2.893"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.1986.tb04851.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.12499"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01541344"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2010.02588.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V84.6.2031.2031"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01541089"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(68)90527-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V42.1.111.111"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-1229(77)90116-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","unstructured":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration.Transfusion and donation fatalities. Available from:https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/vaccines\u2010blood\u2010biologics\/report\u2010problem\u2010center\u2010biologics\u2010evaluation\u2010research\/transfusiondonation\u2010fatalities. 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