{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T23:37:34Z","timestamp":1790293054435,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,26]],"date-time":"2013-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1374796800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet Radiology Ultrasound"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The system of the paranasal sinuses morphologically represents one of the most complex parts of the equine body. A clear understanding of spatial relationships is needed for correct diagnosis and treatment. The purpose of this study was to describe the anatomy and volume of equine paranasal sinuses using three\u2010dimensional (3D) reformatted renderings of computed tomography (CT) slices. Heads of 18 cadaver horses, aged 2\u201325 years, were analyzed by the use of separate semi\u2010automated segmentation of the following bilateral paranasal sinus compartments: rostral maxillary sinus (Sinus maxillaris rostralis), ventral conchal sinus (Sinus conchae ventralis), caudal maxillary sinus (Sinus maxillaris caudalis), dorsal conchal sinus (Sinus conchae dorsalis), frontal sinus (Sinus frontalis), sphenopalatine sinus (Sinus sphenopalatinus), and middle conchal sinus (Sinus conchae mediae). Reconstructed structures were displayed separately, grouped, or altogether as transparent or solid elements to visualize individual paranasal sinus morphology. The paranasal sinuses appeared to be divided into two systems by the maxillary septum (Septum sinuum maxillarium). The first or rostral system included the rostral maxillary and ventral conchal sinus. The second or caudal system included the caudal maxillary, dorsal conchal, frontal, sphenopalatine, and middle conchal sinuses. These two systems overlapped and were interlocked due to the oblique orientation of the maxillary septum. Total volumes of the paranasal sinuses ranged from 911.50 to 1502.00 ml (mean \u00b1 SD, 1151.00 \u00b1 186.30 ml). 3D renderings of equine paranasal sinuses by use of semi\u2010automated segmentation of CT\u2010datasets improved understanding of this anatomically challenging region.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,26]],"date-time":"2013-07-26T13:21:58Z","timestamp":1374844918000},"page":"582-590","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["USING SEMI\u2010AUTOMATED SEGMENTATION OF COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY DATASETS FOR THREE\u2010DIMENSIONAL VISUALIZATION AND VOLUME MEASUREMENTS OF EQUINE PARANASAL SINUSES"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Markus","family":"Brinkschulte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine Clinic University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Astrid","family":"Bienert\u2010Zeit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine Clinic University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"L\u00fcpke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of General Radiology and Medical Physics University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maren","family":"Hellige","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine Clinic University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carsten","family":"Staszyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Anatomy Histology and Embryology University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation  Hannover Germany"},{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Justus\u2010Liebig\u2010University Giessen Germany formerly Institute of Anatomy University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernhard","family":"Ohnesorge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine Clinic University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"15","volume-title":"Lehrbuch der Anatomie der Haustiere","author":"Nickel R","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"223","volume-title":"Lehrbuch der Anatomie der Haustiere","author":"Waibl H","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","volume-title":"Regional and applied anatomy of the domestic animals. 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