{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T09:51:53Z","timestamp":1785577913471,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]],"date-time":"2014-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1396310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet Radiology Ultrasound"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Mechanical obstruction is a frequent cause of acute vomiting in dogs requiring prompt diagnosis to improve patient management and prognosis. The purpose of this retrospective study was to compare small intestinal radiographic characteristics in dogs with versus without mechanical intestinal obstruction. Fifty dogs with gastrointestinal clinical signs and abdominal radiographs were recruited from hospital record archives and assigned to groups (group 1, obstructive, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 25; group 2, nonobstructive <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 25). Abdominal radiographs were randomized and independently interpreted by three examiners who were unaware of group status. Intestinal dilation was subjectively scored based on distribution (segmental, regional or diffuse), and severity (absent, mild, moderate or severe). Small intestinal maximal diameter (SI<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>), L5 vertebral body height, small intestinal minimal diameter (SI<jats:sub>min<\/jats:sub>), and an estimated average of small intestinal diameters (SI<jats:sub>ave<\/jats:sub>) were measured and three ratios were calculated: SI<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\/L5, SI<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\/SI<jats:sub>min<\/jats:sub>, and SI<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\/SI<jats:sub>ave<\/jats:sub>. Segmental dilation was more prevalent in obstructed dogs for all examiners (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> \u2264 0.03) and most nonobstructed dogs had no dilation (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> \u2264 0.05). All ratios were higher in obstructed dogs (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.002). Subjective dilation scores and ratio measurements had low interobserver agreement (absent to fair, with kappa values between \u22120.06 and 0.57) and reproducibility (coefficients of 0.35\u20130.61). Findings indicated that dogs with SI<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\/L5 \u2264 1.4, SI<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\/SI<jats:sub>min<\/jats:sub> \u2264 2, and SI<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\/SI<jats:sub>ave<\/jats:sub> \u2264 1.3 values are very unlikely to be mechanically obstructed; dogs with SI<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\/L5 \u2265 2.4, SI<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\/SI<jats:sub>min<\/jats:sub> \u2265 3.4 and SI<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\/SI<jats:sub>ave<\/jats:sub> \u2265 1.9 are very likely obstructed, particularly if segmental dilation (less than 25% of the small intestine) is present. Dogs with ratios falling between these thresholds may need further testing unless other signs justify surgical exploration or endoscopy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]],"date-time":"2014-04-01T11:12:59Z","timestamp":1396350779000},"page":"472-479","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["RADIOGRAPHIC DIAGNOSIS OF MECHANICAL OBSTRUCTION IN DOGS BASED ON RELATIVE SMALL INTESTINAL EXTERNAL DIAMETERS"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Cyrielle","family":"Finck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Companion Animal Research Group Departement de Sciences Cliniques Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire Universit\u00e9 de Montreal  3200 rue Sicotte C.P. 5000 Saint\u2010Hyacinthe Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc\u2010Andr\u00e9","family":"D'Anjou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Companion Animal Research Group Departement de Sciences Cliniques Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire Universit\u00e9 de Montreal  3200 rue Sicotte C.P. 5000 Saint\u2010Hyacinthe Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Alexander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Companion Animal Research Group Departement de Sciences Cliniques Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire Universit\u00e9 de Montreal  3200 rue Sicotte C.P. 5000 Saint\u2010Hyacinthe Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swan","family":"Specchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Companion Animal Research Group Departement de Sciences Cliniques Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire Universit\u00e9 de Montreal  3200 rue Sicotte C.P. 5000 Saint\u2010Hyacinthe Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy","family":"Beauchamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Companion Animal Research Group Departement de Sciences Cliniques Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire Universit\u00e9 de Montreal  3200 rue Sicotte C.P. 5000 Saint\u2010Hyacinthe Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","first-page":"644","volume-title":"Textbook of small animal surgery","author":"Brown DC","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","first-page":"830","article-title":"Intestinal foreign bodies in dogs and cats","volume":"25","author":"Papazoglou LG","year":"2003","journal-title":"Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","first-page":"279","volume-title":"Radiographic diagnosis of abdominal disorders in the dog and cat","author":"O'Brien TR","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2006.00160.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2010.01791.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1998.tb03698.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","first-page":"789","volume-title":"Textbook of veterinary diagnostic radiology","author":"Riedesel EA","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","first-page":"329","volume-title":"Small animal radiology and ultrasound. a diagnostic atlas and textbook","author":"Burk RL","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2009.00847.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12032"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","first-page":"94","volume-title":"Diagnostic radiology and ultrasonography of the dog and cat","author":"Kealy JK","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","first-page":"115","volume-title":"Basic & clinical biostatistics: Lange medical book","author":"Dawson\u2010Saunders B","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1096-2867(03)90021-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.236.8.880"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","first-page":"331","article-title":"Radiology of the gastrointestinal tract of small animals","volume":"22","author":"Rendano VT.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","first-page":"659","volume-title":"Textbook of veterinary diagnostic radiology","author":"Frank PM","year":"2012"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Radiology &amp; 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