{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T01:57:14Z","timestamp":1762999034221},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,16]],"date-time":"2014-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1400198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet Radiology Ultrasound"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Caudal vena cava duplication has been rarely reported in small animals. The purpose of this retrospective study was to describe characteristics of duplicated caudal vena cava in a large group of dogs. Computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound databases from two hospitals were searched for canine reports having the diagnosis \u201cdouble caudal vena cava.\u201d One observer reviewed CT images for 71 dogs and two observers reviewed ultrasound images for 21 dogs. In all CT cases, the duplication comprised two vessels that were bilaterally symmetrical and approximately the same calibre (similar to Type I complete duplication in humans). In all ultrasound cases, the duplicated caudal vena cava appeared as a distinct vessel running on the left side of the abdominal segment of the descending aorta and extending from the left common iliac vein to the left renal vein. The prevalence of caudal vena cava duplication was 0.46% for canine ultrasound studies and 2.08% for canine CT studies performed at these hospitals. Median body weight for affected dogs was significantly lower than that of unaffected dogs (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.0001). Breeds with increased risk for duplicated caudal vena cava were Yorkshire Terrier (odds ratio [OR] = 6.41), Poodle (OR = 7.46), West Highland White Terrier (OR = 6.33), and Maltese (OR = 3.87). Presence of a duplicated caudal vena cava was significantly associated with presence of extrahepatic portosystemic shunt(s) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.004). While uncommon in dogs, caudal vena cava duplication should be differentiated from other vascular anomalies when planning surgeries and for avoiding misdiagnoses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,16]],"date-time":"2014-05-16T08:47:12Z","timestamp":1400230032000},"page":"521-530","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["MULTIDETECTOR ROW COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY AND ULTRASOUND CHARACTERISTICS OF CAUDAL VENA CAVA DUPLICATION IN DOGS"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Bertolini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cSan Marco Private Veterinary Clinic\u201d  via Sorio 114\/c 35141 Padua Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessia","family":"Diana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Clinical Department Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Bologna  Via Tolara di Sopra, 50 Ozzano dell\u2019Emilia Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Cipone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Clinical Department Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Bologna  Via Tolara di Sopra, 50 Ozzano dell\u2019Emilia Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Drigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Medicine Production and Health University of Padua Viale dell\u2019Universit\u00e0  35020 Legnaro Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Caldin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cSan Marco Private Veterinary Clinic\u201d  via Sorio 114\/c 35141 Padua Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1090200102"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1000390207"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1000350302"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1000990102"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.138.1.20"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2008.00378.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.20.3.g00ma09639"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.180.3.1800729"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2001.03025.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2010.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1100\/tsw.2005.66"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-010-1803-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2011.11.064"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1998.tb00119.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2004.224.717"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2009.00748.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2009.01616.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2006.00173.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0264.2005.00625.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0264.2008.00868.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","first-page":"235","article-title":"Anomaly of the vena cava inferior; 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