{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T22:28:27Z","timestamp":1789770507908,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,16]],"date-time":"2014-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1400198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet Radiology Ultrasound"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Congenital vertebral malformations are common in brachycephalic \u201cscrew\u2010tailed\u201d dog breeds such as French bulldogs, English bulldogs, Boston terriers, and pugs. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine whether a radiographic classification scheme developed for use in humans would be feasible for use in these dog breeds. Inclusion criteria were hospital admission between September 2009 and April 2013, neurologic examination findings available, diagnostic quality lateral and ventro\u2010dorsal digital radiographs of the thoracic vertebral column, and at least one congenital vertebral malformation. Radiographs were retrieved and interpreted by two observers who were unaware of neurologic status. Vertebral malformations were classified based on a classification scheme modified from a previous human study and a consensus of both observers. Twenty\u2010eight dogs met inclusion criteria (12 with neurologic deficits, 16 with no neurologic deficits). Congenital vertebral malformations affected 85\/362 (23.5%) of thoracic vertebrae. Vertebral body formation defects were the most common (butterfly vertebrae 6.6%, ventral wedge\u2010shaped vertebrae 5.5%, dorsal hemivertebrae 0.8%, and dorso\u2010lateral hemivertebrae 0.5%). No lateral hemivertebrae or lateral wedge\u2010shaped vertebrae were identified. The T7 vertebra was the most commonly affected (11\/28 dogs), followed by T8 (8\/28 dogs) and T12 (8\/28 dogs). The number and type of vertebral malformations differed between groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= 0.01). Based on MRI, dorsal, and dorso\u2010lateral hemivertebrae were the cause of spinal cord compression in 5\/12 (41.6%) of dogs with neurologic deficits. Findings indicated that a modified human radiographic classification system of vertebral malformations is feasible for use in future studies of brachycephalic \u201cscrew\u2010tailed\u201d dogs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,16]],"date-time":"2014-05-16T08:47:38Z","timestamp":1400230058000},"page":"585-591","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["A PROPOSED RADIOGRAPHIC CLASSIFICATION SCHEME FOR CONGENITAL THORACIC VERTEBRAL MALFORMATIONS IN BRACHYCEPHALIC \u201cSCREW\u2010TAILED\u201d DOG BREEDS"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Gutierrez\u2010Quintana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Bearsden Road Glasgow G61 1QH UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julien","family":"Guevar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Bearsden Road Glasgow G61 1QH UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Stalin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Bearsden Road Glasgow G61 1QH UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiterie","family":"Faller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Bearsden Road Glasgow G61 1QH UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Yeamans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Bearsden Road Glasgow G61 1QH UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Penderis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Bearsden Road Glasgow G61 1QH UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2010.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2011.00876.x","article-title":"Thoracic kyphosis associated with hemivertebra","volume":"40","author":"Moissonier P","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.96.14.313"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"119","article-title":"Prevalence, grading and genetics of hemivertebrae in dogs","volume":"23","author":"Schlensker E","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Comp Anim Pract"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","unstructured":"VoltaA MorganJP GnudiG BonazziM GazzolaM ZanichelliSet\u00a0al.Clinical\u2010radiological study of the vertebral abnormalities in the English bulldog. Proceeding of the 12thannual conference of the European Association of Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging; 2005 Oct 5\u20138; Naples Italy: p.\u00a031."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1982.181.08.814","article-title":"Characterization of heritable thoracic hemivertebra of the German shorthaired pointer","volume":"181","author":"Kramer JW","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2007.00289.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-0004.2001.600602.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00008480-200002000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197557040-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199910000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-0481-58-12-688"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7234-3209-8.50012-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.230.4.532"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Radiology &amp; Ultrasound"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fvru.12172","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vru.12172","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T23:04:50Z","timestamp":1746227090000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vru.12172"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,16]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vru.12172"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vru.12172","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-8183","1740-8261"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-8183","type":"print"},{"value":"1740-8261","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,16]]}}}