{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T16:26:59Z","timestamp":1770827219616,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,18]],"date-time":"2015-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1426636800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Western College of Veterinary Medicine - Faculty Start-up"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet Radiology Ultrasound"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Minimizing the volume of contrast administered for contrast\u2010enhanced computed tomography (CT) of the equine head is desirable for reducing costs and risks of adverse reactions, however evidence\u2010based studies on the effects of varying volumes on image quality are currently lacking. The objective of the current study was to determine whether low\u2010volume intraarterial administration of contrast medium would result in an equivalent image quality and tissue attenuation vs. high\u2010volume intravenous bolus administration. A prospective cross\u2010over experimental design was used in a sample of six horses. After anesthetic induction, the right carotid artery was exposed surgically and catheterized. Four CT scans of the cranium were performed for each horse: baseline, immediately following intraarterial contrast injection, five\u2010min postinjection (return to baseline) and a final scan after intravenous contrast administration. Soft tissue attenuation in predetermined regions of interest (ROI); and length, width, and height measurements of the pituitary gland were recorded at each time point. Horses were euthanized and measurements of the pituitary gland were repeated postmortem. No adverse reactions to contrast administration were observed. Intraarterial and intravenous administration of contrast medium resulted in significantly greater soft tissue enhancement of some brain ROI's and the pituitary gland vs. baseline values. Pituitary gland measurements made on postcontrast CT images did not differ from those obtained during postmortem examination. Findings indicated that low\u2010dose intraarterial administration of contrast material in the equine head resulted in comparable soft tissue enhancement vs. high volume intravenous administration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,18]],"date-time":"2015-03-18T05:41:32Z","timestamp":1426657292000},"page":"384-390","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["INTRAARTERIAL INJECTION OF IODINATED CONTRAST MEDIUM FOR CONTRAST ENHANCED COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY OF THE EQUINE HEAD"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"James L.","family":"Carmalt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine University of Saskatchewan  Saskatoon SKS7N5B4 Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Montgomery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences Western College of Veterinary Medicine University of Saskatchewan  Saskatoon SKS7N5B4 Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"563","article-title":"Advances in equine computed tomography and use of contrast media","volume":"28","author":"Puchalski S","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet Clin N Am"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eve.12039"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2010.00086.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2011.00784.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2746\/095777309X423022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2003.64.1387"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","unstructured":"BergmanHJ PuchalskiS SaundersJ.Intracarotid contrast\u2010enhanced computed tomography of the equine head. 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