{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T15:03:57Z","timestamp":1782831837961,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,15]],"date-time":"2016-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1452816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet Radiology Ultrasound"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Published descriptions of nonseptic arthritis of the equine temporomandibular joint (TMJ) are rare and large studies investigating variations in the TMJ for asymptomatic horses are lacking. The objectives of this cross\u2010sectional, retrospective, multi\u2010institutional study were to describe anatomical variations in the TMJ detected using computed tomography (CT) in an equid population asymptomatic for TMJ disease and determine whether these variations were associated with patient signalment, reason for CT examination, or CT slice width. Medical records at eight hospitals were searched for horses that had head\/neck CT scans and no clinical signs of TMJ disease. Age, breed, sex, clinical presentation, and CT slice width data were recorded. Alterations in CT contour and density of the mandibular condyles, mandibular fossae, and TMJ intra\u2010articular discs were described for each horse. Generalized logistic regression was used to test associations between anatomical variations and horse age. A total of 1018 horses were sampled. Anatomical variations were found in TMJ CT images for 40% of horses and 29% of joints. These were dichotomous with regard to age. Horses &lt;1 year old commonly had alterations in the shape and density of the mandibular condyle. Older horses commonly had spherical hypodensities within the mandibular condyles consistent with bone cysts; and hyperdense regions of the intra\u2010articular disc consistent with dystrophic mineralization. Findings indicated that TMJ anatomic variations were common in CT images of younger and older horses asymptomatic for TMJ disease. Future studies are needed to more definitively characterize these CT variations using gross pathology and histopathology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12334","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,16]],"date-time":"2016-01-16T18:10:24Z","timestamp":1452967824000},"page":"237-245","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC APPEARANCE OF THE TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT IN 1018 ASYMPTOMATIC HORSES: A MULTI\u2010INSTITUTION STUDY"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"James L.","family":"Carmalt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine University of Saskatchewan  Saskatoon SK S7N5B4 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sibylle","family":"Kneissl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Small Animals and Horses University of Veterinary Medicine  Vienna 1210 Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer E.","family":"Rawlinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Colorado State University  Fort Collins Colorado"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Cornell University  Ithaca New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timo","family":"Zwick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tier\u00e4rztliche Klinik  Grasweg 2 86459 Gessertshausen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Zekas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Ohio State University  Columbus Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Ohlerth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Diagnostic Imaging, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich  Winterthurerstrasse 285c, 8057 Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Astrid","family":"Bienert\u2010Zeit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Horses University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation  Buenteweg 9 30559 Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2746\/042516408X322166"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.141.7.172"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2006.00205.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eve.12053"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21836\/PEM20110305"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eve.12382"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eve.12268"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eve.12103"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","first-page":"11","volume-title":"Management of temporomandibular disorders and occlusion","author":"Okeson JP","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2746\/042516406776563378"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","first-page":"101","volume-title":"Temporomandibular joint function and dysfunction","author":"Oberg T","year":"1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950x.2005.00010.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","first-page":"404","volume-title":"Management of temporomandibular disorders and occlusion","author":"Okeson JP.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.242.1.69"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","first-page":"99","article-title":"Diagnostische und minimal\u2010invasive Verfahren am Kiefergelenk des Pferdes","volume":"30","author":"Stadtb\u00e4umer G","year":"2002","journal-title":"Tieraerztl Prax"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4377-0867-7.00101-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.72.12.1586"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016357709056006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2009.00536.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2009.01554.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.162.22.714"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2010.00030.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","unstructured":"DohooI MartinW StryhnH.Model\u2010building strategies. 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