{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T12:37:08Z","timestamp":1784291828553,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,19]],"date-time":"2016-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1482105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet Radiology Ultrasound"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The widths of spaces between the thoracolumbar <jats:italic>processi spinosi<\/jats:italic> (interspinous spaces) are frequently assessed using radiography in sports horses; however effects of varying X\u2010ray beam angles and geometric distortion have not been previously described. The aim of this prospective, observational study was to determine whether X\u2010ray beam angle has an effect on apparent widths of interspinous spaces. Thoracolumbar spine specimens were collected from six equine cadavers and left\u2010right lateral radiographs and sagittal and dorsal reconstructed computed tomographic (CT) images were acquired. Sequential radiographs were acquired with each interspinous space in focus. Measurements were performed for each interspinous space in the focus position and up to eight angled positions as the interspinous space moved away from focus (\u00b1). Focus position measurements were compared to matching sagittal CT measurements. Effect of geometric distortion was evaluated by comparing the interspinous space in radiographs with sagittal and dorsal reconstructed CT images. A total of 49 interspinous spaces were sampled, yielding 274 measurements. X\u2010ray beam angle significantly affected measured width of interspinous spaces in position +3 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.038). Changes in width did not follow a consistent pattern. Interspinous space widths in focus position were significantly smaller in radiographs compared to matching reconstructed CT images for backs diagnosed with kissing spine syndrome (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). Geometric distortion markedly affected appearance of interspinous space width between planes. In conclusion, X\u2010ray beam angle and geometric distortion influence radiographically measured widths of interspinous spaces in the equine thoracolumbar spine, and this should be taken into consideration when evaluating sport horses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12466","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,19]],"date-time":"2016-12-19T14:46:59Z","timestamp":1482158819000},"page":"169-175","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["EFFECTS OF X\u2010RAY BEAM ANGLE AND GEOMETRIC DISTORTION ON WIDTH OF EQUINE THORACOLUMBAR INTERSPINOUS SPACES USING RADIOGRAPHY AND COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY\u2014A CADAVERIC STUDY"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Julie D.","family":"Djern\u00e6s","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic Animal and Veterinary Sciences University of Copenhagen  Frederiksberg Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jon V.","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ansager Equine Hospital  Ansager Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8752-2885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lise C.","family":"Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Large Animal Sciences University of Copenhagen  Taastrup Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","article-title":"Leitfaden f\u00fcr die roentgenologische beurteilung bei der kaufuntersuchung des pferdes (R\u00f6LF 07)","author":"Gerhards H","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bundestier\u00e4rztekammer e V"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","unstructured":"MitchellRD.Imaging considerations in the purchase examination of the performance horse. 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In: Rantanen NW Hauser ML editor. Dubai International Equine Symposium. Matthew R. Rantanen Design USA;1996;337\u2013359."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1980.tb03393.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.1979.tb01191.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21836\/PEM19930501"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","unstructured":"TurnerT.A.Overriding spinous processes (kissing spines) in horses: diagnosis treatment and outcome in 212 cases. Proceedings of the Annual Convention\u00a0of the American Association of Equine Practitioners San Antonio Texas USA 2011;424\u2013430."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2746\/042516402776181259"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Radiology &amp; Ultrasound"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fvru.12466","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vru.12466","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T14:26:05Z","timestamp":1696170365000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vru.12466"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,19]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vru.12466"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vru.12466","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-8183","1740-8261"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-8183","type":"print"},{"value":"1740-8261","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,19]]}}}