{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T19:18:28Z","timestamp":1789067908459,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,14]],"date-time":"2018-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1539475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Radiology Ultrasound"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Coronary artery anomalies have been reported in Bulldogs and present an increased risk when performing balloon valvuloplasty. Identification of coronary anomalies has been reported using multidetector\u2010row computed tomographic (MDCT) angiography with electrocardiographic gating. However, the utility of non\u2010electrocardiographic\u2010gated 16\u2010row computed tomographic for MDCT for the identification of coronary artery anatomy or anomalies to the authors\u2019 knowledge has not been fully investigated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of non\u2010electrocardiographic\u2010gated computed tomographic (CT) angiography to identify coronary anomalies in Bulldogs with pulmonary valve stenosis. In this prospective, observational study, Bulldogs with echocardiographically diagnosed pulmonary valve stenosis, an echocardiographically derived transpulmonic pressure gradient &gt;70\u00a0mm\u00a0Hg, and a clinician recommendation for balloon valvuloplasty were included. Anesthetized dogs underwent a 16\u2010row MDCT non\u2010electrocardiographic\u2010gated CT angiography. A board\u2010certified veterinary radiologist and board\u2010certified veterinary cardiologist reviewed the CT angiography studies and identified the coronary artery anatomy. When normal coronary artery anatomy was detected on CT angiography, a right ventricular outflow tract fluoroscopic angiogram was performed and evaluated during levophase to confirm normal coronary anatomy prior to balloon valvuloplasty. Dogs with coronary anomalies noted on CT angiography were recovered from anesthesia and balloon valvuloplasty was not performed. All dogs (10\/10; 100%) had interpretable images from the non\u2010electrocardiographic\u2010gated CT angiography. Coronary anomalies were identified in six dogs based on non\u2010electrocardiographic\u2010gated CT angiography, five with type R2A anomaly and one had a single left coronary ostium. Four dogs had normal coronary anatomy based on non\u2010electrocardiographic\u2010gated CT angiography. Balloon valvuloplasty was performed without incident in these four dogs. We conclude that non\u2010electrocardiographic\u2010gated CT angiography represents a noninvasive method for diagnosing coronary anomalies in Bulldogs with pulmonary valve stenosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12689","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,14]],"date-time":"2018-10-14T21:43:51Z","timestamp":1539553431000},"page":"38-46","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Non\u2010electrocardiographic\u2010gated computed tomographic angiography can be used to diagnose coronary artery anomalies in Bulldogs with pulmonary valve stenosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0460-6387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine T.","family":"Gunther\u2010Harrington","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Epidemiology School of Veterinary Medicine University of California, Davis Davis California 95616"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn L.","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine University of California, Davis Davis California 95616"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3563-0737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lance C.","family":"Visser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Epidemiology School of Veterinary Medicine University of California, Davis Davis California 95616"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha L.","family":"Fousse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Epidemiology School of Veterinary Medicine University of California, Davis Davis California 95616"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua A.","family":"Stern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Epidemiology School of Veterinary Medicine University of California, Davis Davis California 95616"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvc.2015.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2001.tb01590.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2004.tb00217.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2004.tb02602.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1990.196.01.115","article-title":"Pulmonic stenosis caused by single coronary artery in dogs: four cases (1965\u20131984)","volume":"196","author":"Buchanan JW","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2009.0458.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1992.tb00347.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvc.2013.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12142"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"2","article-title":"Coronary Artery Anomalies in Animals","volume":"4","author":"Scansen BA","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2011.01826.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","volume-title":"Imaging of the Canine Heart Using Non ECG\u2010Gated 16 and ECG\u2010Gated 64 Multidetector Row Computed Tomography","author":"Saulnier DC","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvc.2016.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12149"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.102724"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1760-2734(06)70007-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvc.2015.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46904-1_16"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2010.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2482071804"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12200"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12185"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.20072"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Radiology &amp; 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