{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T11:57:28Z","timestamp":1773057448110,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,9]],"date-time":"2019-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1565308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Radiology Ultrasound"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Canine thymomas have been evaluated based on clinical features, treatment options, surgical excision, and outcomes with limited information on specific CT features. The objective of this retrospective, descriptive, cross\u2010sectional study was to describe the CT characteristics of confirmed thymomas and to compare these imaging features to outcome. A total of 22 dogs met the inclusion criteria of histologically confirmed thymomas with concurrent CT imaging. Tumor size varied widely ranging from small and well\u2010circumscribed to large and invasive. Delayed\u2010phase, contrast\u2010enhanced CT studies were best for determining the degree of contrast enhancement in tumors. Of these, 19 of 22 masses had heterogeneous enhancement and three of 22 masses had homogeneous enhancement. Vascular invasion was present in seven of 22 cases. Larger tumors were associated with vascular invasion (height: <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.04; width and volume: <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.02). On precontrast CT, larger tumors (16\/21) were heterogeneous and cystic, with smaller tumors (5\/21) being more homogeneous (all values <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05). A larger size was associated with recurrence in fully resected masses (height: <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.03), but not a shorter outcome (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&gt;\u00a0.3 for all size dimensions). Postoperative complications and incomplete tumor resection were associated with shorter outcome (both values <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.01). Metastasis was confirmed in four cases. There were six cases with lymphadenopathy noted on CT; five of the six cases did not have evidence of metastasis. Larger tumors were more likely to be cystic and associated with vascular invasion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12798","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,9]],"date-time":"2019-08-09T07:04:17Z","timestamp":1565334257000},"page":"659-667","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["CT imaging features of canine thymomas"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8021-3158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren","family":"von Stade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Four Seasons Veterinary Specialists  Loveland Colarado"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elissa K.","family":"Randall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Colorado State University  Fort Collins Colorado"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sangeeta","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Colorado State University  Fort Collins Colarado"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angela J.","family":"Marolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Colorado State University  Fort Collins Colorado"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.243.10.1448"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2008.12.095"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5326\/JAAHA-MS-6132"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","volume-title":"Withrow & MacEwen's Small Animal Clinical Oncology","author":"Withrow SJ","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(85)50034-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vco.12072"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1997.tb03492.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5326\/JAAHA-MS-5561"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2008.00447.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12525"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.250.4.387"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.12504"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.71.1265"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.232.8.1186"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.64.637"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","article-title":"Contrast\u2010enhanced ultrasonography characteristics of intrathoracic mass lesions in 36 dogs and 24 cats","author":"Rick T","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2004.04093.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12652"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","first-page":"593","article-title":"Veterinary diagnostic imaging. 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