{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T08:42:15Z","timestamp":1773045735489,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,17]],"date-time":"2020-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597622400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Radiology Ultrasound"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Otitis externa and otitis media are common in American Cocker Spaniels, however breed\u2010specific aural CT descriptions are currently lacking. This prospective and retrospective, observational, analytical study aimed to describe quantitative CT characteristics of the horizontal ear canal and the tympanic bulla in American Cocker Spaniels versus similar\u2010sized mesaticephalic dogs. We prospectively performed clinical examinations and aural CT scanning for 38 American Cocker Spaniels. Computed tomographic transverse area of the osseous horizontal ear canal (TA1), transverse area of the widest air\u2010filled part of the cartilaginous horizontal ear canal (TA2), tympanic bulla volume, and tympanic bulla wall thickness were measured. The TA1 and TA2 measurements were compared with those of 23 retrospectively recruited, similar\u2010sized mesaticephalic dogs that had undergone CT\u2010scanning of the head for non\u2010ear\u2010related reasons. The TA1 and TA2 did not differ for healthy American Cocker Spaniels and mesaticephalic dogs. Severely affected American Cocker Spaniels had significantly smaller TA2 (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a0.001). The intraclass correlation coefficient for intraobserver and interobserver repeatability was 0.972 and 0.983 for TA1 and 0.994 and 0.998 for TA2, respectively. Variation between individuals was subjectively noted in healthy and affected American Cocker Spaniels, but mean tympanic bulla volume was slightly smaller in relation to body weight, and the tympanic bulla wall was thicker than in previous reports for mesaticephalic dogs. The tympanic bulla wall appeared thicker rostro\u2010ventrally than caudo\u2010ventrally in 44% of the dogs. Our results imply that a relatively thick tympanic bulla wall may be a normal CT variation and should be interpreted cautiously in this breed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12900","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,27]],"date-time":"2020-08-27T22:01:17Z","timestamp":1598565677000},"page":"649-658","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Aural CT characteristics of American Cocker Spaniels have features of both mesaticephalic and brachycephalic breeds"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1189-7557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mirja L. M.","family":"Kaimio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5675-4771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anu K.","family":"Lappalainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vahideh","family":"Rahmani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"M\u00e4nnikk\u00f6","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Pharma Ltd. Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Outi M.","family":"Laitinen\u2010Vapaavuori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.108.18.393"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1991.tb00963.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2007.00619.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2011.01058.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.158.16.533"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13028-017-0282-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1988.tb01012.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"257","article-title":"Total ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy in 38 dogs","volume":"26","author":"Matthiesen DT","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1990.tb00683.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2002.221.1000"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1998.212.04.534","article-title":"Microbialfloraand antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of isolated pathogens from the horizontal ear canal and middle ear in dogs with otitis media","volume":"212","author":"ColeL K","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2003.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2000.tb00426.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5288(03)00118-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2003.tb01262.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.1995.tb00279.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2005.00104.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2004.04025.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2007.00295.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12248"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2016.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2002.tb00437.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2005.00089.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12337"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12529"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12752"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12163"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2009.00853.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2000.61.442"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12180"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12503"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12140"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.101817"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Radiology &amp; Ultrasound"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vru.12900","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/vru.12900","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vru.12900","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]],"date-time":"2024-08-12T18:25:16Z","timestamp":1723487116000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vru.12900"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,17]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vru.12900"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vru.12900","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-8183","1740-8261"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-8183","type":"print"},{"value":"1740-8261","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-01-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-05-26","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-08-17","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}