{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T02:08:57Z","timestamp":1747188537619,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,13]],"date-time":"2020-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Radiology Ultrasound"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Early partial portal vein contrast enhancement (EPoVE) during the late arterial phase is seen in CT angiography of dogs. Previously, it has been a finding attributed to arterioportal vascular anomalies. However, EPoVE may be a normal feature of venous return from abdominal organs. This prospective, descriptive study investigated the origin of EPoVE using four\u2010dimensional CT (4D\u2010CT). Sixteen dogs undergoing 4D\u2010CT for disease of the cranial abdomen were prospectively collected. Regions of interest were placed in the hepatic artery (HA), gastroduodenal vein (GV), extrahepatic portal vein (EHPV) cranial and caudal to the GV, and splenic vein (SV) caudal to its EHPV entry. Times to earliest, partial, full, and maximal vascular enhancement were recorded. A mixed model analysis of variance was used to compare time\u2010to\u2010contrast enhancement between vessels. The number, origin, and time of EPoVE were recorded if visible. A total of 24 EPoVE areas were observed in all dogs. Most dogs had either one (10\/16) or two (5\/16) areas of EPoVE. The origin of EPoVE was identified in 14 of 24 areas: the GV in five areas, cranial mesenteric vein in four areas, pancreatic branch of SV in three areas, and SV in two areas. The time\u2010to\u2010contrast\u2010enhancement was significantly different for the individual veins compared to the HA. EPoVE during the late arterial phase is a common phenomenon of early portal venous drainage of abdominal organs; it should not be interpreted as pathognomonic for arterioportal vascular anomalies, which should be diagnosed based on additional criteria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12902","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,13]],"date-time":"2020-08-13T14:14:26Z","timestamp":1597328066000},"page":"628-635","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Early partial portal venous contrast enhancement in canine CT\u2010Angiography"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9243-8592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naomi F.","family":"Earley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies University of Edinburgh  Midlothian UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9801-4264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jon L.","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VetEd Specialists Ltd  Biggar UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Roslin Institute University of Edinburgh  Midlothian UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8412-573X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tobias","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies University of Edinburgh  Midlothian UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4142\/jvs.2008.9.4.407"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2009.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12059"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.14802"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci6010010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-013-2992-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2005.00086.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118785676","volume-title":"Veterinary Computed Tomography","author":"Schwarz T","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119421399","volume-title":"Atlas of Small Animal CT and MRI","author":"Wisner E","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12685"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","first-page":"334","volume-title":"Miller's Anatomy of the Dog","author":"Evans HE","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2006.00139.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2012.01949.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.15-0077"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.2018.1481545"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12079"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2011.01917.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12099"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46904-1","volume-title":"Body MDCT in Small Animals: Basic Principles, Technology, and Clinical Applications","author":"Bertolini G","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2004.04019.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2005.00090.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.68.9.970"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Differential diagnosis of hepatic tumor\u2010like lesions in dog by using dynamic CT scanning","volume":"58","author":"Taniura T","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hiroshima J Med Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2012.01973.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2014.12193.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ahe.12090"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12336"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.10090908"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Radiology &amp; 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