{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T15:03:52Z","timestamp":1780067032423,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]],"date-time":"2020-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Radiology Ultrasound"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although echocardiography is the gold standard for the diagnosis of cardio\u2010structural disease, thoracic radiography is a rapid, cost\u2010effective, and widely accessible method for evaluating cardiac size in dogs. The vertebral heart score (VHS) and the vertebral left atrial size (VLAS) are established as objective measures of cardiomegaly on thoracic radiographs. However, several studies have shown significant variations in the VHS among different breeds. The Chihuahua is predisposed to both congenital and acquired cardiac diseases. The aim of this prospective, single\u2010center, cross sectional study was thus to evaluate the VHS and the VLAS in healthy adult Chihuahua dogs. A total of 30 Chihuahuas were included. The VHS values in our sample population of Chihuahuas were 10.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.6 (95% range, 8.9\u201011.0). This was significantly greater than the canine reference value of 9.7 \u00b1 0.5 established by Buchanan and B\u00fccheler (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.002). The VLAS of Chihuahuas in our study was 1.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.2 (95% range, 1.3\u20102.1). This was significantly lower than the values previously reported by Malcolm et\u00a0al (2.07\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.25;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.0004). The VHS and the VLAS were not influenced by sex, body weight, short or long hair, and body condition score in normal Chihuahuas. Our results indicated that breed\u2010specific reference values for radiographic VHS and VLAS are needed. In Chihuahuas, the values found in this study can be used as a normal reference in order to help avoid overinterpretation of cardiomegaly in these dogs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12919","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]],"date-time":"2020-10-28T06:16:27Z","timestamp":1603865787000},"page":"20-26","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["A radiographic study of breed\u2010specific vertebral heart score and vertebral left atrial size in Chihuahuas"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Caterina","family":"Puccinelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences University of Pisa Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8211-9248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simonetta","family":"Citi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences University of Pisa Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8301-6582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tommaso","family":"Vezzosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences University of Pisa Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Garibaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences University of Pisa Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8449-9176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosalba","family":"Tognetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences University of Pisa Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2011.00792.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-48247-9.00047-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"316","article-title":"Role of survey radiography in diagnosing canine cardiac disease","volume":"24","author":"Lamb CR","year":"2002","journal-title":"Compend Contin Educ Pr Vet"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1995.206.02.194","article-title":"Vertebral scale system to measure canine heart size in radiographs","volume":"206","author":"Buchanan JW","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.148.23.707"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1413-95962004000400007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2005.00073.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"723","article-title":"Vertebral scale system to measure heart size in thoracic radiographs of Turkish shepherd (kangal) dogs","volume":"29","author":"G\u00fclanber E","year":"2005","journal-title":"Turk J Vet Anim Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2007.00252.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2007.00531.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2012.01976.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2016.371-376"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5326\/JAAHA-MS-6474"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ahe.12434"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12813"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.253.8.1038"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1965.tb49421.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","first-page":"12","article-title":"Changing breed predispositions in canine heart disease","volume":"18","author":"Buchanan JW","year":"1993","journal-title":"Canine Practice"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","first-page":"47","volume-title":"Small Animal Cardiovascular Medicine","author":"Kittleson MD","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2011.0711.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1993.tb01015.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15488"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvc.2018.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-5-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2008.00406.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","first-page":"71","article-title":"Vertebral scale system to measure heart size on thoracic radiographs of Labrador Retriever dogs","volume":"90","author":"Gugjoo MB","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ind Vet J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.256.10.1129"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12896"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2001.219.57"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Radiology &amp; Ultrasound"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vru.12919","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/vru.12919","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vru.12919","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]],"date-time":"2024-08-16T14:35:16Z","timestamp":1723818916000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vru.12919"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vru.12919"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vru.12919","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-8183","1740-8261"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-8183","type":"print"},{"value":"1740-8261","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-03-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-08-02","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-10-27","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}