{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T11:26:19Z","timestamp":1773055579386,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,2]],"date-time":"2020-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604275200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Radiology Ultrasound"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Computed tomography has been used in human medicine to evaluate the thyroid gland functional status by means of Hounsfield units (HU). Studies describing attenuation value abnormalities, other than those in thyroid neoplasia, lack in veterinary medicine. The authors have observed a subjective reduction in thyroid attenuation in some patients undergoing CT for reasons other than thyroid disease. This finding has been identified more frequently in brachycephalic breeds compared to non\u2010brachycephalic breeds. In order to determine the thyroid gland attenuation variability on CT, a retrospective and prospective, analytical, cross\u2010sectional study was performed. The thyroid attenuation values of 65 client\u2010owned dogs were assessed using a 16\u2010slice helical CT scanner. Differences in attenuation between brachycephalic and non\u2010brachycephalic dogs were estimated by Welch's<jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010test. Serum TT4 and TSH levels were available in 26 patients. Statistically significant differences were observed in the pre\u2010contrast attenuation value ranges between brachycephalic and non\u2010brachycephalic dogs (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.04). The pre\u2010contrast attenuation value range for the brachycephalic group was 69.1\u2010108 HU while being 75.8\u2010121 HU for the non\u2010brachycephalic group. No significant correlation was found between thyroid attenuation and serum thyroid hormone levels in our population (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&gt;\u00a0.6). All patients with hypoattenuating thyroid were brachycephalic and reported euthyroid. In conclusion, brachycephalic dogs seem to have a pre\u2010contrast attenuation thyroid gland range lower than non\u2010brachycephalic dogs. The present study contributes to the veterinary literature by providing a new thyroid attenuation value range for brachycephalic breeds. Additionally, hypoattenuating thyroid glands may be found in dogs with normal TT4 and TSH values.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12922","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]],"date-time":"2020-11-03T07:40:58Z","timestamp":1604389258000},"page":"54-60","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Pre\u2010contrast CT attenuation of the thyroid gland is lower in brachycephalic dogs versus non\u2010brachycephalic dogs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5720-9727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga","family":"Amor\u00f3s","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Imaging Department, UCD Veterinary Hospital University College Dublin Dublin 4 Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yvonne","family":"Espada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3 Hospital Cl\u00ednic Veterinari, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona Diagnostic Imaging Department Cerdanyola del Vall\u00e8s Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vall\u00e8s Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Vila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3 Hospital Cl\u00ednic Veterinari, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona Internal Medicine Department Cerdanyola del Vall\u00e8s Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistic Consultant Union Road London SW8 2SD United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosa","family":"Novellas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3 Hospital Cl\u00ednic Veterinari, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona Diagnostic Imaging Department Cerdanyola del Vall\u00e8s Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vall\u00e8s Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2007.00310.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119421399.ch11","volume-title":"Atlas of Small Animal CT and MRI","author":"Wisner E","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2003.tb02467.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2016.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0149-936X(79)90054-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.147.3.6844615"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2012.01966.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RCT.0000000000000360"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","first-page":"1736","volume-title":"Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine","author":"Ettinger S","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12099"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2004.04054.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Triple\u2010phase helical computed tomography in dogs with solid splenic masses","author":"Kutara K","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Vet Med Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.12948"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1998.212.10.1564","article-title":"Effect of storage conditions on cortisol, total thyroxine, and free thyroxine concentrations in serum and plasma of dogs","volume":"212","author":"Behrend E","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.09.3319"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-48319-3.00004-3","volume-title":"Essentials of Nuclear Medicine Imaging: Expert Consult\u2010Online and Print","author":"Mettler FA","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12092"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12458"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Radiology &amp; 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