{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T04:35:32Z","timestamp":1782189332674,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,13]],"date-time":"2021-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639353600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Radiology Ultrasound"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Postoperative radiation therapy (RT) may be beneficial for dogs with anal sac apocrine gland adenocarcinoma (ASAC). Clinically significant late toxicities have been reported in up to 65% of dogs with perianal tumors following non\u2010conformal definitive RT, particularly when fractions of 3\u00a0Gy or higher are prescribed. The primary objective of this prospective, descriptive study was to evaluate tolerability of a novel 3D conformal RT (3DCRT) protocol in a group of dogs. Dogs with ASAC were prospectively enrolled if clients elected RT following surgery. The planning target volume was prescribed 50\u00a0Gy in 2.5\u00a0Gy fractions using 6 MV photons and administered over 26 days. Early and late radiation toxicities were graded according to standardized criteria. Thirteen dogs were initially enrolled but 1 was excluded due to a high risk of anesthesia\u2010related mortality. Seven dogs presented with early stage disease. Median follow up time was 771 days (91\u20102223). Transient grade 3 dermatitis and anusitis developed in all dogs, with resolution within 4\u00a0weeks. Two dogs developed transient grade 2 late colitis. Locoregional failure in the irradiated field was documented in one dog at 738 days. All\u2010cause median survival time was 771 days (95% confidence interval: 510\u00a0\u2192\u00a02223 days). Findings indicated that this fractionation may be safely administered to the canine anus and pelvic canal using 3DCRT, although acute toxicity should be anticipated. Further prospective studies are needed in order to confirm long\u2010term tolerability and efficacy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.13042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]],"date-time":"2021-12-14T06:14:44Z","timestamp":1639462484000},"page":"224-233","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Minimal late radiation toxicity and transient early toxicity following postoperative definitive intent conformal radiation therapy (20\u00a0\u00d7\u00a02.5\u00a0Gy) for canine apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9544-3415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire","family":"Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies (R(D)SVS) and Roslin Institute Hospital for Small Animals, Easter Bush Campus  Midlothian UK"},{"name":"Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral Service  Solihull West Midlands UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Parys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies (R(D)SVS) and Roslin Institute Hospital for Small Animals, Easter Bush Campus  Midlothian UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Handel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies (R(D)SVS) and Roslin Institute Hospital for Small Animals, Easter Bush Campus  Midlothian UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9142-4743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Serra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies (R(D)SVS) and Roslin Institute Hospital for Small Animals, Easter Bush Campus  Midlothian UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8315-1909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Lawrence","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Minnesota  St Paul Minnesota USA"},{"name":"Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota  Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2007.tb02960.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"349","article-title":"Adenocarcinoma of the apocrine glands of the anal sac in dogs: a review of 32 cases","volume":"27","author":"Ross JT","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.246.8.877"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vco.12068"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vco.12226"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vco.12248"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1476-5829.2003.00013.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2002.tb01668.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2007.00322.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2005.tb15626.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.12077"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/31372149"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.597316"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2001.tb00973.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(95)00060-C"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vco.12677"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.42"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","unstructured":"Microsoft Corporation. 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