{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T02:09:15Z","timestamp":1747188555402,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645401600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Radiology Ultrasound"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Magnetic resonance imaging is increasingly available for evaluation of horses with suspected pituitary adenomas; however, published studies describing the MRI features of normal equine pituitary glands are currently lacking. This retrospective, descriptive, anatomic study describes the MRI appearance and size of presumed normal equine pituitary glands and assesses potential correlations between pituitary size, brain size, and patient weight. These findings serve as a reference for MRI evaluation of the equine pituitary gland. Inclusion criteria consisted of adult horses (2\u201315 years old), over 300\u00a0kg with no evidence of Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) and no pituitary abnormalities identified with MRI, yielding 27 horses. Histology was available on seven pituitary glands; all were considered normal by a board\u2010certified anatomic pathologist. Imaging features of the glands were evaluated on T2\u2010weighted and pre\u2010 and postcontrast T1\u2010weighted images. Pituitary length, width, and height and brain height and width were measured by two authors on transverse and mid\u2010sagittal plane postcontrast T1 weighted images. The mean \u00b1 SD pituitary gland width was 21.0 \u00b1 2.4\u00a0mm, height: 10.4 \u00b1 1.9\u00a0mm, and length: 24.5 \u00b1 2.7\u00a0mm. There were no significant correlations using a Pearson's correlation coefficient between pituitary and brain measurements, pituitary measurement, and body weight, or between brain measurements and body weight. A statistical difference was not identified using an unpaired <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010test (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&gt;\u00a00.05) in pituitary and brain measurements between necropsied and non\u2010necropsied horses. Relative to the cerebral white matter, all pituitary glands were isointense to slightly hyperintense on T1\u2010weighted images and isointense on T2\u2010weighted images, with the exception of a focal T1\u2010weighted hyperintensity that was present in the caudal aspect of the pituitary gland in 88% of horses. All pituitary glands were homogenously contrast enhancing. Pituitary dimensions did not correlate with either brain size or body weight in horses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.13072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T12:04:53Z","timestamp":1645445093000},"page":"450-455","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Magnetic resonance imaging of the normal equine pituitary gland"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3226-2166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kallie J.","family":"Hobbs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Large Animal Clinical Sciences University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0768-8237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erin","family":"Porter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Large Animal Clinical Sciences University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Courtney","family":"Wait","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Large Animal Clinical Sciences University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6547-1298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Dark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Large Animal Clinical Sciences University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6404-5828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert J.","family":"MacKay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Large Animal Clinical Sciences University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.12716"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2005.66.2055"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2003.64.1387"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2001.tb00959.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12210"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118993712"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.261055045"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2000.tb00423.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.165.2.3659370"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.11.JNS131320"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-199105000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","article-title":"Variation in the MRI appearance of the canine pituitary gland","author":"Travetti O","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2003.tb00455.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2004.65.1701"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Radiology &amp; Ultrasound"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vru.13072","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/vru.13072","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vru.13072","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]],"date-time":"2023-08-23T20:06:05Z","timestamp":1692821165000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vru.13072"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vru.13072"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vru.13072","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-8183","1740-8261"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1058-8183"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1740-8261"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-09-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-12-22","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-02-21","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}