{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T22:50:55Z","timestamp":1789685455541,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]],"date-time":"2023-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676332800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Radiology Ultrasound"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>While macroglossia is a newly accepted component of brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) in dogs, macroglossia with increased tongue fat is a well\u2010known cause for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in people, and targeted reduction procedures such as midline glossectomy are used to treat people with OSA. While midline glossectomy has been described in dogs, tissue contributions to macroglossia have not been characterized. The purpose of this retrospective, descriptive, case\u2010control study was to describe and compare volumetric dimensions of the tongue and tongue fat in brachycephalic (BC) and mesaticephalic (MC) dogs using CT images. Data collected included head and neck CT images from 17 BC and 18 control MC dogs. Multiplanar reformatted and 3D reconstructed images were created using image segmentation and specialized visualization software to calculate volumetric dimensions of the total tongue, tongue fat, and tongue muscle. Rostral and caudal topographical distributions of fat were compared. Total tongue and tongue muscle volume (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001) and tongue fat volume (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.01) normalized to body weight (BW) were greater in BC dogs. More fat was localized in the caudal tongue in both groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.04). In regression analysis, BC conformation and increased weight were significant predictors of increased tongue fat volume. As in people, increased tongue fat may contribute to macroglossia and sleep\u2010disordered breathing in BC dogs. Use of CT volumetry to identify tongue fat deposits may permit targeted surgical reduction of tongue volume in BC dogs and contribute substantially to treatment of BOAS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.13221","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]],"date-time":"2023-02-14T16:48:57Z","timestamp":1676393337000},"page":"429-438","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["CT volumetric analysis permits comparison of tongue size and tongue fat in different canine brachycephalic and mesaticephalic breeds"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Ava","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine University of Illinois  Urbana Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3291-0266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heidi","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine University of Illinois  Urbana Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cintia R.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine University of Illinois  Urbana Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annette M.","family":"McCoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine University of Illinois  Urbana Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(92)50306-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0137496"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0181928"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1987.63.4.1344"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.13148"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-042915-102623"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e31819c74be"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200208-866OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.12446"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.13302"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11030662"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","unstructured":"ColbergVT KudejRK CzajkowskiPS KarlinWM RozanskiEA Evaluation of reduction glossoplasty on airway resistance and cross\u2010sectional areas of the upper airway in brachycephalic dogs: a cadaveric study. 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