{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T02:07:14Z","timestamp":1747188434418,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,2]],"date-time":"2023-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Radiology Ultrasound"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Developmental malformations can cause stunted or abnormal growth and clinical disease in dogs. In humans, measurements of the inferior vena cava are used as methods for detecting abnormal growth trajectories. The objectives of this retrospective, multicenter, analytical, cross\u2010sectional study were to develop a repeatable protocol to measure the caudal vena cava (CVC) and generate growth curves in medium and large\u2010breed dogs during development. Contrast\u2010enhanced CT DICOM images from 438 normal dogs, aged from 1 to 18 months, from five specific breeds were included. A \u201cbest guess\u201d measurement protocol was created. Dogs were stratified into medium or large breed groups based on growth rate trajectories. Linear regression models and logarithmic trend lines were used to evaluate the CVC growth over time. The CVC measurements were analyzed from four anatomical regions: thorax, diaphragm, intra\u2010hepatic, and renal. The thoracic segment produced the most repeatable measurements with the highest explanatory power. The CVC thoracic circumference ranged from 2.5 to 4.9\u00a0cm from 1 to 18 months of age. Medium and large breeds had similar CVC growth trajectories, with comparable estimated marginal means, however medium dogs reached 80% of predicted final CVC size approximately 4\u00a0weeks earlier than large breed dogs. This new protocol provides a standardized technique for evaluation of the CVC circumference over time using contrast\u2010enhanced CT and is most repeatable when taken at the thoracic level. This approach could be adapted for other vessels to predict their growth trajectories, generating healthy reference population data for comparison against patients with vascular anomalies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.13237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]],"date-time":"2023-04-03T03:44:44Z","timestamp":1680493484000},"page":"632-639","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A repeatable CT protocol for quantifying caudal vena cava growth in medium and large breed dogs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8247-5389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah C","family":"Reeves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Research and Animal Clinical Trial Study Group (TRACTS) Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne Werribee Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stewart D","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Research and Animal Clinical Trial Study Group (TRACTS) Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne Werribee Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3239-1419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon M","family":"Firestone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Veterinary School Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marjorie","family":"Milne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Radiologist VetCT, Unit 3 VetCT Applecross WA Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0182064"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651\u20102227.2006.tb02371.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2036\u20107902\u20104\u201012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7863\/ultra.34.6.1091"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","unstructured":"AllardR DouglassGM KerrWW The effects of breed and sex on dog growth.1988;"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/134.8.2027S"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2006\u2010354"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.80.1.69"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5380\/avs.v15i3.17486"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740\u20108261.2004.04076.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12059"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","unstructured":"TobiasKM JohnstonSA Veterinary surgery : small animal.2018;"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118910924.ch21","article-title":"Portosystemic Shunt Embolization","author":"Weisse C","year":"2015","journal-title":"Veterinary Image\u2010Guided Interventions"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2009.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261\u2010016\u20100785\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118785676.ch5","article-title":"CT Contrast Media and Applications","author":"Pollard R","year":"2011","journal-title":"Veterinary Computed Tomography"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.775635"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2009.05.012"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Radiology &amp; Ultrasound"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vru.13237","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,10]],"date-time":"2023-12-10T03:08:01Z","timestamp":1702177681000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vru.13237"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,2]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vru.13237"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vru.13237","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-8183","1740-8261"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1058-8183"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1740-8261"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-01-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-03-09","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-04-02","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}