{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:20:22Z","timestamp":1787016022217,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,25]],"date-time":"2024-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Radiology Ultrasound"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Linguatula serrata<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\u201ctongue worm\u201d) is a zoonotic intranasal parasite found globally in wild dogs, free\u2010ranging dogs, some domestic dogs, and vulpids. Since there are no sensitive tests currently available, infections are underdiagnosed. This is a pilot observational prospective study aimed at determining whether nasal linguatulosis can be diagnosed using CT. The secondary aims were to evaluate radiography, rhinoscopy, and nasal egg swabs as methods in the diagnosis of tongue worms. Fifty\u2010four wild canids and three vulpids euthanased by gunshot were sourced from pest\u2010control officers. Cadaver heads were subjected to helical CT examination, nasal\u2010swabbed for tongue worm eggs, and necropsied. Radiographs and rhinoscopy were performed on cadavers suspected to be infected based on preliminary CT examination. Tongue worms were retrieved at necropsy in 25 dogs and one fox. CT findings in animals with no nasal cavity ballistic damage were reviewed in six infected dogs and one infected fox. Adult female tongue worms were identified in 4 of 6 dogs and 1 of 1 fox as long, tubular, slightly heterogeneously attenuating structures in the mid to caudal nasal cavities. They were not clearly visible in CT scans when surrounded by nasal fluid, and small parasites (male and immature females) were not discernible. Radiographic findings were mild and nonspecific. One tongue worm was detected in 1 of 12 dogs examined rhinoscopically. Tongue worm eggs were found in swabs from 7 of 25 dogs. While small tongue worms could not be detected with CT, CT proved to be a useful diagnostic method for visualizing adult female tongue worms.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.13428","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]],"date-time":"2024-08-26T02:24:40Z","timestamp":1724639080000},"page":"793-803","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Intranasal\n                    <i>Linguatula serrata<\/i>\n                    (tongue worm) in canids and vulpids can be detected using computed tomography"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5644-4236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alice","family":"Birckhead","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences Charles Sturt University  Wagga Wagga Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Jenkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences Charles Sturt University  Wagga Wagga Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shokoofeh","family":"Shamsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences Charles Sturt University  Wagga Wagga Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences Charles Sturt University  Wagga Wagga Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Veterinary Education University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2462-4323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ann","family":"Carstens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences Charles Sturt University  Wagga Wagga Australia"},{"name":"Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences University of Pretoria  Onderstepoort South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436\u2010021\u201007272\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2022.100717"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2019.100288"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00580\u2010007\u20100707\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2017.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/vrc2.281"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.i4829"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2019.100273"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2021.100654"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5455\/OVJ.2023.v13.i8.12"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15654\/TPK\u2010170651"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.k356"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.12611"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2023.100949"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/vetr.2979"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/ZO20017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2020.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/916120"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2015.06.002"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","first-page":"85","article-title":"Linguatula serrata (Pentastomida: linguatulidae) infection in dog, Romania: a case report","volume":"5","author":"Ioni\u021b\u0103 M","year":"2016","journal-title":"AgroLife Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740\u20108261.2003.tb00477.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2018.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","unstructured":"Public Health Agency of Canada.Pathogen Safety Data Sheets: Infectious Substances\u2014Echinococcus granulosus.2011; 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