{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T03:11:23Z","timestamp":1782702683228,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741564800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Radiology Ultrasound"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In small animal practice, patients often present with urinary lithiasis, and prediction of urolith composition is essential to determine the appropriate treatment. Through abdominal radiographs, the composition of mineral radiopaque uroliths can be determined by considering many different factors; this can be complex and, as such, tailor\u2010made for the use of artificial intelligence (AI). The Minnesota Urolith Center partnered with Hill's Pet Nutrition to develop a deep learning AI algorithm (CALCurad) within a smartphone application called the MN Urolith Application that allows for the preliminary assessment of urolith composition. The algorithm provides the probability of a urolith being composed of struvite from an image taken of an abdominal radiograph. This pilot study evaluates the accuracy of the CALCurad in the context of clinical practice. A sample population of 139 dogs was considered, and the results obtained by the CALCurad were compared with the results obtained by infrared spectroscopy analysis. Agreement between the application and quantitative analyses was 81.3%. These results suggest that the CALCurad can effectively be used to predict urolith composition in dogs, helping the clinician to decide between medical and surgical management of the patient. The use of the CALCurad is an example of the usefulness of AI in helping veterinarians make clinical decisions in patient care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.70012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T00:19:26Z","timestamp":1741652366000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A Pilot Study on Using an Artificial Intelligence Algorithm to Identify Urolith Composition through Abdominal Radiographs in the Dog"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1162-0347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rute","family":"Canejo\u2010Teixeira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Radiology Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"},{"name":"CECAV \u2010 Animal and Veterinary Research Centre, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s os Montes e Alto Douro  Vila Real Portugal"},{"name":"AL4AnimalS \u2010 Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences  Lisboa Portugal"},{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade Lus\u00f3fona  Lisboa Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade Lus\u00f3fona  Lisboa Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gil","family":"Semi\u00e3o Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioRG \u2013 Biomedical Research Group, Faculdade de Engenharia Universidade Lus\u00f3fona  Lisboa Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade Lus\u00f3fona  Lisboa Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Crowell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hawthorne Mackenzie Digital  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack","family":"Kwok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hawthorne Mackenzie Digital  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jody","family":"Lulich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MN Urolith Center, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Minnesota  St Paul Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jolle","family":"Kirpensteijn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hill's Pet Nutrition  Topeka Kansas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico Vilaplana","family":"Grosso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22233\/9781910443354.26"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CVSM.2015.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CVSM.2008.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2008.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","first-page":"272","volume-title":"Canine and Feline Nephrology and Urology","author":"Chew D. 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