{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T12:47:02Z","timestamp":1753879622302,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Radiology Ultrasound"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vicarious excretion is a nonrenal pathway of excretion for intravenously injected iodinated contrast media, with a limited understanding of its influencing factors and imaging features. In this prospective pilot study, gallbladder opacification (GBO) and small intestinal luminal opacification (SILO) were assessed to identify vicarious excretion patterns following intravenous contrast media administration for CT in clinically healthy dogs. Eight beagles were studied using a crossover method, divided into fed and fasted groups. The fed group was fed at 5 and 13\u00a0h after the first CT scan, while the fasted group was fed only at 13\u00a0h. Noncontrast and postcontrast CT scans were performed at 90\u00a0s, 10\u00a0min, 1\u00a0h, 4\u00a0h, 12\u00a0h, and 24\u00a0h after iohexol injection. The GBO was subjectively scored from grade 0 to 5 based on the attenuation value and area of opacification. The SILO was evaluated subjectively based on contrast intensity (weak or marked) and distribution. The GBO was observed from 1\u00a0h after contrast injection. Significant differences were noted in median GBO scores within the groups at 4, 12, and 24\u00a0h on Friedman's test followed by the post hoc Wilcoxon signed\u2010rank test. The scores were significantly higher in the fasted group at 12\u00a0h on the Wilcoxon signed\u2010rank test. The SILO occurred 10\u00a0min after contrast administration, with various distributions. In conclusion, GBO and SILO can be observed during delayed CT phases, and fasting increases the intensity and duration of GBO in clinically healthy dogs. These findings should not be interpreted as pathological changes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.70033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T11:59:17Z","timestamp":1746187157000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gallbladder and Small Intestinal Luminal Opacification by Vicarious Contrast Medium Excretion Can be Observed on Delayed Computed Tomography in Healthy Dogs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Hyeeun","family":"Jo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine Kyungpook National University  Daegu Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3097-0345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang\u2010Kwon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine Kyungpook National University  Daegu Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7973-4714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sooyoung","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine Kangwon National University  Chuncheon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miori","family":"Kishimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4649-809X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kija","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine Kyungpook National University  Daegu Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1982.03320360058038"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.107.4.763"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"197","article-title":"Vicarious Gastric Excretion of Intravenous Contrast","volume":"6","author":"Meholic A. 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