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The prehepatic CVC was not identified; however, an enlarged azygos vein was identified as cranial to the dilated vessel. The patient was humanely euthanized, and a necropsy confirmed congenital segmental aplasia of the prehepatic CVC with azygos continuation complicated by thrombophlebitis. While this vascular malformation has been documented in canines, this is the first reported case of concurrent thrombophlebitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.70034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T12:38:32Z","timestamp":1746189512000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Azygos Continuation of the Caudal Vena Cava Complicated by Thrombophlebitis in a Dog"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7059-6505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy","family":"Jorge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Section of Radiology  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Heacock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Section of Radiology  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Hargrove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology University of Pennsylvania, Ryan Veterinary Hospital  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9147-6079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wilfried","family":"Mai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Section of Radiology  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17555\/jvc.2015.04.32.2.196"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2009.00748.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12633"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.13723"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1998.tb00119.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12167"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","first-page":"365","article-title":"Segmental Aplasia of the Caudal Vena Cava in a Dog","volume":"43","author":"Harder M. 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