{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T23:38:24Z","timestamp":1776469104153,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Radiology Ultrasound"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Musculoskeletal ultrasonography is an underutilized skill within the veterinary industry. It requires practice and repetition to improve confidence and competence. In a clinic, ultrasonography is often used to identify grass seeds in patients; however, its teaching within the veterinary curriculum is limited. This study investigated the use of simulation models using two different teaching methods to improve undergraduate student outcomes in identifying vegetal foreign bodies (VFB). Forelimb models, containing wild oaten grass seeds (<jats:italic>Avena fatua<\/jats:italic>) in one of three locations, were used as ultrasonographic teaching aids. Fourth\u2010year undergraduate veterinary science students (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 38) were randomly assigned a limb and taught an ultrasound protocol. The trial group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 19) received video instructions with a demonstration, whilst the control group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 19) received written instructions only. All participants completed a pre\u2010 and post\u2010 participation survey and were anonymously assessed on their ability to locate the grass seed. Participants provided with both the video and written instructions (trial group) were 1.92 times more likely to identify the VFB within the simulation model when compared with the control group, with 53% identifying the VFB (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> =\u00a0.0327). All students agreed they would consider using ultrasonography in the future to identify canine VFBs. The outcomes of this study suggest that the use of simulation models in teaching is beneficial and that visual and verbal communication significantly improved students\u2019 ability to identify VFB compared with written instruction alone in a consequence\u2010free learning environment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.70073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T04:06:01Z","timestamp":1755749161000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Optimizing Student Outcomes: A Comparison of Two Teaching Methods for Identifying Vegetal Foreign Bodies in Canine Limbs Using Simulation Models and Ultrasound"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture Environmental and Veterinary Science Charles Sturt University  Wagga Wagga NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ebony","family":"Schoenfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture Environmental and Veterinary Science Charles Sturt University  Wagga Wagga NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"Callcott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture Environmental and Veterinary Science Charles Sturt University  Wagga Wagga NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Randi","family":"Rotne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture Environmental and Veterinary Science Charles Sturt University  Wagga Wagga NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Grass Seed Foreign Body\u2010Related Disease in Dogs and Cats: A Wide Spectrum of Clinical Presentations","volume":"47","author":"Combs M.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Australian Veterinary Practitioner"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.12414"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740\u20108261.2003.tb01452.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21825\/vdt.v86i5.16167"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17221\/18\/2019\u2010VETMED"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748\u20105827.2004.tb00254.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.13607"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740\u20108261.2005.00077.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740\u20108261.2008.00413.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13132071"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196\u20100644(97)70192\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3138\/jvme\u20102020\u20100123"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3138\/jvme.2019\u20100014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3138\/jvme.32.4.461"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3138\/jvme.32.4.454"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3138\/jvme\u20102020\u20100026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3138\/jvme.0216\u2010043R1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3138\/jvme.1011.108R"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3138\/jvme.2018\u20100001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2021.410\u2010418"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3138\/jvme.1114\u2010114R"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.13379"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2015.01.508"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsurg.2013.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jarmac.2020.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aew030"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2017.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1298072"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02611929221098138"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40670\u2010017\u20100416\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15557\/JoU.2017.0028"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Radiology &amp; 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