{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T22:27:12Z","timestamp":1769984832082,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]],"date-time":"2025-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759622400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]],"date-time":"2025-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759622400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Radiology Ultrasound"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Optimal radiation protocols for canine nasal carcinoma are not established. Co\u2010morbidities, access, and owner compliance can influence scheduling. Between 2015 and 2022, two radiotherapy protocols were used in the palliative treatment of canine nasal carcinoma at a single institution. Group A comprised 17 cases receiving 40\u00a0Gy in ten 4\u00a0Gy fractions delivered Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. Epistaxis was present in 11\/17 (65%) cases. Median survival time (MST) was 298 days (95% CI: 163.54\u2013432.45); progression\u2010free survival was 173 days (95% CI: 117.87\u2013228.12). Group B comprised 24 cases receiving 36\u00a0Gy in six 6\u00a0Gy fractions delivered Monday and Friday. Epistaxis was present in 20\/24 (83%) cases. MST was 375 days (95% CI: 240.73\u2013509.27); progression\u2010free survival was 243 days (95% CI: 138.42\u2013347.58). Dogs with Adams Stage 1 disease had the longest median overall (593 days) and progression\u2010free survival (609 days). Four cases each received additional radiation treatment and\/or toceranib at relapse. Palliative radiation therapy achieved control of clinical signs in the majority of cases, with an overall response rate of 100% (Group A) and 96% (Group B). In a multivariate Cox regression model with backwards elimination, when cases were stratified for tumor stage, neither the presence of epistaxis nor treatment (6 vs. 10 fractions) was independently associated with significant improvements in survival. Epistaxis at presentation did not appear to influence survival. These results indicate that palliative radiation therapy is highly effective in controlling clinical signs associated with nasal carcinoma. Increasing fractionation may have a limited effect on survival outcome or toxicity in the palliative setting.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.70097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T05:46:02Z","timestamp":1759729562000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Single Institution Retrospective Comparison of Two Radiotherapy Protocols for the Palliative Treatment of Canine Nasal Carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1937-9340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alison","family":"Hayes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annette","family":"Preston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Dobson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1976.37.07.851"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1993.202.09.1469"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","first-page":"103","article-title":"Canine Sinonasal Neoplasms: Clinicopathological Study of 285 Cases","volume":"25","author":"Patnaik A.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.12083"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-5150-pvb-6638"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.229.3.401"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1977.170.01.45"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.151.9.253"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vco.12443"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2009.01545.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.70.207"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.254.5.602"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1987.191.03.311"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.1999.tb00367.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.13173"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","first-page":"1232","article-title":"Intraoperative Acridine Orange Photodynamic Therapy and Cribriform Electron\u2010Beam Irradiation for Canine Intranasal Tumors: A Pilot Study","volume":"56","author":"Maruo T.","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Canadian Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aor.12858"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1992.200.03.355"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2004.tb12151.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.13387"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2005.227.936"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1983.183.06.663"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2001.tb02309.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vco.12115"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-018-3190-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2016.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.12871"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.1998.tb01637.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","first-page":"293","article-title":"Clinical Outcome in Dogs With Nasal Tumors Treated With Intensity\u2010modulated Radiation Therapy","volume":"51","author":"Hunley D. 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