{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T23:41:56Z","timestamp":1773013316000,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766102400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Radiology Ultrasound"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The intrathoracic lymph nodes (LN) of clinical interest in dogs are the sternal (STLN), cranial mediastinal (CrMLN), and tracheobronchial (TBLN) groups. Although computed tomography (CT) depicts and measures these nodes well, thoracic screening commonly relies on three\u2010view radiographs. We hypothesized that enlargement of these nodes would not be consistently identified radiographically, even by experienced observers. In this retrospective, multicenter study (2012\u20132023), three board\u2010certified radiologists independently graded three\u2010view thoracic radiographs from 74 dogs. Each LN group was scored on a 5\u2010point scale (1, cannot assess; 2, normal; 3, mild; 4, moderate; 5, marked). Corresponding per\u2010group CT volumes (STLN, CrMLN, and combined TBLN) were calculated using the ellipsoid formula, and analyses were performed at the LN\u2010group level. Inter\u2010rater agreement was estimated with Gwet's AC1, and associations between radiographic grades and CT volumes were evaluated with Spearman's rank correlation. Observer agreement on radiographs was almost perfect (AC1: STLN 0.88, CrMLN 0.93, and TBLN 0.95). Correlations between radiographic grades and CT volumes were weak or nonsignificant; only one observer for TBLN showed a weak positive correlation (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.27,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.02). No CT\u2010derived volume threshold yielded a unanimous radiographic classification of enlargement (grade\u00a0\u2265\u00a03) across observers. Radiographs frequently failed to detect enlarged nodes and occasionally overcalled normal\u2010sized nodes. These findings indicate poor alignment between radiographic grading and CT\u2010measured volume for intrathoracic lymphadenomegaly, despite high interobserver agreement. When accurate intrathoracic LN assessment is expected to influence clinical decision\u2010making, CT should be considered.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.70113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T17:45:26Z","timestamp":1766166326000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Radiographic Detection of Intrathoracic Lymphadenomegaly in Dogs: How Useful Is It?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2096-4128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gordon","family":"Lye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology ARC Vets  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2986-1827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel E.","family":"Pollard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Educators and Team Scientists  Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Hartman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern Veterinary Imaging  Nelson New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Pemberton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vet 20\/20  Palmerston North New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7703-7720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael S.","family":"Kent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine University of California  Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8982-2558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allison L.","family":"Zwingenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine University of California  Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","volume-title":"Miller and Evans\u2019 Anatomy of the Dog","author":"Hermanson J. W.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","volume-title":"The Lymphatic System of the Dog","author":"Baum H.","year":"1918"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","volume-title":"Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology","author":"Hall J. E.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2011.01921.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vco.12700"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.228.11.1718"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2010.01675.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.14095"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2014.12204.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.19-0413"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5326\/JAAHA-MS-6520"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.78.3.289"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2012.01924.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2006.tb02889.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2005.00106.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12859"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-48247-9.00048-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/17611956"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2529786"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Radiology &amp; Ultrasound"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vru.70113","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/vru.70113","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vru.70113","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T22:24:14Z","timestamp":1773008654000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vru.70113"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vru.70113"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vru.70113","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-8183","1740-8261"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-8183","type":"print"},{"value":"1740-8261","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-11","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-19","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70113"}}