{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T15:29:43Z","timestamp":1787758183031,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781827200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Radiology Ultrasound"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In people, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with high\u2010resolution, high T2\u2010weighted (T2w) contrast\u2010balanced steady\u2010state free precession (b\u2010SSFP) pulse sequences and 3D fast spoiled gradient\u2010echo (FSPGR) pulse sequences can improve visualization of cranial nerves (CNs) and associated osseous foramina. This prospective, observational study aimed to determine whether the addition of b\u2010SSFP and FSPGR sequences improves confidence in the identification of canine CNs compared to the standard imaging protocol at 1.5\u00a0T. The head of 10 canine cadavers was imaged, including transverse T1\u2010weighted (T1w) and T2w fast spin echo (FSE); sagittal T2w FSE; 3D Fast Imaging Employing Steady\u2010State Acquisition with Cycling (FIESTA\u2010C); and 3D Liver Acquisition with Volume Acceleration (LAVA). Board\u2010certified radiologists rated their confidence in identifying CNs II\u2013XII using a four\u2010point scale. Observers evaluated standard sequences alone, then with the addition of transverse FIESTA\u2010C, and finally with the inclusion of FIESTA\u2010C and transverse LAVA. Scores between protocols were compared with the Wilcoxon matched\u2010pairs signed\u2010rank test. Interobserver agreement was measured with weighted kappa. Median score increased when adding FIESTA\u2010C for all observers for nerves VII, VIII, IX, and X, and for two observers for nerves III and XI. Matched\u2010pairs comparison revealed significant differences for nerves VII and VIII for all observers, and for nerves III, IX, X, XI, and XII for two observers. Further addition of LAVA generally did not improve confidence. Interobserver agreement was overall moderate to substantial, but slight to fair for some nerves and pulse sequences. Addition of a 3D b\u2010SSFP sequence may improve identification of some CNs, especially VII and VIII, which are somewhat commonly affected by middle ear pathology in dogs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.70204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T08:36:09Z","timestamp":1781858169000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Addition of a 3D Balanced Steady\u2010State Free Precession Pulse Sequence Improves Magnetic Resonance Imaging Identification of Certain Canine Cranial Nerves"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5317-4840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel","family":"Durrwachter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine School of Veterinary Medicine University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9147-6079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wilfried","family":"Mai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine School of Veterinary Medicine University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0447-396X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessia","family":"Cordella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine School of Veterinary Medicine University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3039-1658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer","family":"Reetz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine School of Veterinary Medicine University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5138-3802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew","family":"Paek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VetRad  Gaithersburg Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2010.01783.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2009.01556.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2005.00068.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12256"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s003300000452"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781315121055"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.284075031"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7874\/kja.2013.17.3.111"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.294085743"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.70035"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3415\/VCOT-16-12-0169"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(93)90018-V"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","first-page":"946","article-title":"Normal Cranial Nerves in the Cavernous Sinuses: Contrast\u2010Enhanced Three\u2010Dimensional Constructive Interference in the Steady State MR Imaging","volume":"26","author":"Yagi A.","year":"2005","journal-title":"American Journal of Neuroradiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nic.2013.03.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A0860"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Radiology &amp; Ultrasound"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vru.70204","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/vru.70204","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vru.70204","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T15:05:12Z","timestamp":1787756712000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vru.70204"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vru.70204"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vru.70204","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-8183","1740-8261"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-8183","type":"print"},{"value":"1740-8261","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-06-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-21","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-19","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70204"}}