{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T11:10:15Z","timestamp":1790161815891,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Radiology Ultrasound"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Size\u2010specific dose estimate (SSDE) uses linear dimensions measured on a computed tomographic (CT) image to scale the scanner\u2010reported volumetric computed tomography dose index (CTDI\n                    <jats:sub>vol<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) and thereby estimate dose. The objectives of this retrospective observational study were to evaluate whether the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) geometric size metrics for abdominal CT, when implemented using canine\u2010specific size measurements, correlate with water\u2010equivalent diameter (\n                    <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>w<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) in canine patients and to compare institutional SSDEs with human benchmarks. Abdominal CT scans from 30 dogs across three body weight categories (&lt;10, 10\u201330, and &gt;30\u00a0kg) were analyzed. The relationships between effective diameters calculated using four geometric metrics\u2014dorsoventral dimension (DV), lateral dimension (LAT), the sum of DV and LAT, and the square root of their product\u2014and\n                    <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>w<\/jats:sub>\n                    , which incorporates both size and attenuation, were analyzed using linear regression. The strongest correlation with\n                    <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>w<\/jats:sub>\n                    was observed for the combined DV and LAT metrics (\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    0.94,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). The displayed CTDI\n                    <jats:sub>vol<\/jats:sub>\n                    underestimated SSDE by 50%. The 75th percentile of the SSDE for a single\u2010phase, pre\u2010contrast abdominal examination was 21\u00a0mGy, two to four times higher than the US human dose reference level. In conclusion, geometric size metrics measured from a single CT image were in close agreement with attenuation\u2010based SSDE (\n                    <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>w<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) for canine abdominal CT scans, supporting the feasibility of applying the AAPM SSDE estimation method to canine abdominal CT imaging. These findings demonstrate the importance of incorporating patient size into CT dose estimation and suggest that institutional SSDE values may warrant dose optimization in veterinary abdominal CT practice.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.70223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T07:35:17Z","timestamp":1785310517000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Patient Dimensions From a Single CT Image Provide a Clinically Practical and Accurate Method for Dose Estimation in Canine Abdominal CT Imaging"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6439-5553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire","family":"Whittaker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Clinical Sciences Western College of Veterinary Medicine University of Saskatchewan  Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3414-3918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monique","family":"Mayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Clinical Sciences Western College of Veterinary Medicine University of Saskatchewan  Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1531-3328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew","family":"Hutcheson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Clinical Sciences Western College of Veterinary Medicine University of Saskatchewan  Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3952-5555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sally","family":"Sukut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Clinical Sciences Western College of Veterinary Medicine University of Saskatchewan  Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146645320946619"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2022.100697"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HP.0b013e3181c20e25"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09553009014551151"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7361106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","unstructured":"International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Medical Electrical Equipment\u2014Part 2\u201344: Particular Requirements for the Basic Safety and Essential Performance of X\u2010Ray Equipment for Computed Tomography IEC 60601\u20102\u201044:2002 (IEC 2002)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","unstructured":"American Association of Physicists in Medicine Task Group 23 The Measurement Reporting and Management of Radiation Dose in CT AAPM Report 96 (American Association of Physicists in Medicine 2008)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","unstructured":"American Association of Physicists in Medicine Task Group 204 Size\u2010Specific Dose Estimates (SSDE) in Pediatric and Adult Body CT Examinations AAPM Report 204 (American Association of Physicists in Medicine 2011)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.12120131"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.11101800"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","unstructured":"American Association of Physicists in Medicine Task Group 220 The Use of Water Equivalent Diameter for Calculating Patient Size and Size\u2010SpecificDose Estimates (SSDE) in CT AAPM Report 220 (American Association of Physicists in Medicine 2014)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","unstructured":"Health Canada Canadian Computed Tomography (CT) Survey: National Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs)(Government of Canada 2016) https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/health\u2010canada\/services\/publications\/health\u2010risks\u2010safety\/canadian\u2010computed\u2010tomography\u2010survey\u2010national\u2010diagnostic\u2010reference\u2010levels.html#a1.1."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icrp.2012.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12979"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146645317717209"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","unstructured":"National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) Reference Levels and Achievable Doses in Medical and Dental Imaging: Recommendations for the United States NCRP Report No. 172 (NCRP 2012)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2021211241"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Radiology &amp; Ultrasound"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vru.70223","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/vru.70223","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vru.70223","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T10:20:06Z","timestamp":1790158806000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vru.70223"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vru.70223"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vru.70223","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-8183","1740-8261"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-8183","type":"print"},{"value":"1740-8261","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-08","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-29","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70223"}}