{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T11:09:03Z","timestamp":1790161743699,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Radiology Ultrasound"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Quantitative evaluation of implant\u2010related heating in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is well standardized in human medicine, whereas evidence in veterinary medicine remains scarce. To address this gap, we measured radiofrequency (RF)\u2010induced heating of four used veterinary implants under controlled conditions on clinical 3.0 and 1.5\u00a0T MRI, using an American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) F2182\u201019e2\u2010informed gel phantom manufactured to approximate a 10\u00a0kg dog. The test set comprised an identification microchip, a titanium alloy tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) plate, a stainless\u2010steel TPLO plate, and an ameroid constrictor. Temperature\u2013time data were acquired with fiber\u2010optic probes, and temperature change was calculated relative to baseline for each replicate run. Maximum temperature rise and heating rate were derived at the run level, with heating rate estimated from the slope of the linear regression of \u0394\n                    <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                    over time. At 3.0\u00a0T, the mean maximum \u0394\n                    <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                    was 0.300\u00b0C for the titanium alloy TPLO plate, 0.300\u00b0C for the stainless\u2010steel TPLO plate, 0.467\u00b0C for the ameroid constrictor, and 0.500\u00b0C for the microchip. At 1.5\u00a0T, the corresponding values were 0.067\u00b0C, 0.067\u00b0C, 0.100\u00b0C, and 0.200\u00b0C. All individual run\u2010level maximum \u0394\n                    <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                    values remained \u22640.8\u00b0C. Heating rates were small in absolute magnitude, with the microchip ranking highest across field strengths. These findings indicate that, when appropriate imaging parameters are used, MRI\u2010induced heating for the implants examined is unlikely to pose a clinical risk. Future work should broaden device coverage, evaluate off\u2010center placements, vary\n                    <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    conditions, test higher load sequences, and extend assessment to other safety endpoints to refine veterinary\u2010specific MRI safety guidance.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.70229","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T07:31:12Z","timestamp":1785310272000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessment of MR\u2010Induced Heating Effects in Four Common Veterinary Implants at 1.5 and 3.0\u00a0T: A Phantom Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2009-8232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manabu","family":"Kurihara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biomedical Sciences North Carolina State University  Raleigh North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taichi","family":"Kimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saito Animal Hospital Tomioka Medical Center  Tomioka Gunma Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Yodo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saito Animal Hospital Tomioka Medical Center  Tomioka Gunma Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8638-7522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuhei","family":"Shibukawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Science Department of Radiological Technology Juntendo University  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Tokyo Medical University  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.27194"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HP.0000000000001210"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HP.0b013e3181aff9db"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.137.4.857"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDMR.2005.859033"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmrs.800"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","volume-title":"ASTM F2182\u201019e2: Standard Test Method for Measurement of Radio Frequency Induced Heating on or Near Passive Implants During Magnetic Resonance Imaging","author":"ASTM International","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","volume-title":"IEC 60601\u20102\u201033:2022 (Edition 4.0). Medical Electrical Equipment \u2014 Part 2\u201333: Particular Requirements for the Basic Safety and Essential Performance of Magnetic Resonance Equipment for Medical Diagnosis","author":"International Electrotechnical Commission","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","unstructured":"Medtronic Guidance for Adjusting MRI Scan Sequence SAR and B1+rms Values(Medtronic 2015) http:\/\/www.mri\u2010q.com\/uploads\/3\/4\/5\/7\/34572113\/mri_guidance_\u2010_sar___b1_rms_final_12.23.15.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","volume-title":"ISO\/TS 10974:2018. Assessment of the Safety of Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Patients With an Active Implantable Medical Device","author":"International Organization for Standardization","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740\u20108261.2011.01809.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740\u20108261.2011.01916.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740\u20108261.2011.01901.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3415\/VCOT\u201012\u201003\u20100031"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12141"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.78.4.458"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s\u20100038\u20101647248"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2024.1364635"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.240.5.577"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12057"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740\u20108261.2010.01762.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.09\u20100386"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2463\/mrms.10.11"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","unstructured":"Z.Wang C. M.Collins J.Jin V.Taracila Q. X.Yang andF. J.Robb \u201cComparing SAR Calculated in Multiple Human Body Models at 1.5 T \u201d inProceedings of the 17th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine(International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (ISMRM) 2009)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","volume-title":"IEC 60601\u20102\u201033:2002. Medical Electrical Equipment\u2014Part 2\u201333: Particular Requirements for the Safety of Magnetic Resonance Equipment for Medical Diagnosis","author":"International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","volume-title":"Safety Guidelines for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Equipment in Clinical Use","author":"Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA)","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","unstructured":"National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) Standard PS3.3: Information Object Definitions MR Image Module (C.8.3.1) Table C.8\u201049 \u2014 Attribute (0018 1316) \u201cSAR: Calculated Whole Body Specific Absorption Rate (W\/kg)\u201d Rosslyn VA: (National Electrical Manufacturers Association 2025) https:\/\/dicom.nema.org\/medical\/dicom\/current\/output\/chtml\/part03\/sect_C.8.3.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330\u2010013\u20102825\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2463\/mrms.rev.2021\u20100047"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.20041"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.241405"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A2827"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2023.01.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330\u2010020\u201007546\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.21159"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25483"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0049963"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41747\u2010023\u201000320\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","volume-title":"ASTM F2119\u201024: Standard Test Method for Evaluation of MR Image Artifacts From Passive Implants","author":"ASTM International","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","volume-title":"ASTM F2213\u201017: Standard Test Method for Measurement of Magnetically Induced Torque on Medical Devices in the Magnetic Resonance Environment","author":"ASTM International","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","volume-title":"ASTM F2052\u201021: Standard Test Method for Measurement of Magnetically Induced Displacement Force on Medical Devices in the Magnetic Resonance Environment","author":"ASTM International","year":"2022"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Radiology &amp; Ultrasound"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vru.70229","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/vru.70229","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vru.70229","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T10:19:44Z","timestamp":1790158784000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vru.70229"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vru.70229"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vru.70229","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-8183","1740-8261"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-8183","type":"print"},{"value":"1740-8261","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-22","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-29","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70229"}}