{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T11:10:02Z","timestamp":1790161802292,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Radiology Ultrasound"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The relationship between vertebral vascular canal dilation and raised intra\u2010abdominal and intrathoracic pressures has been observed in humans. Vertebral vascular canal dysplasia (VVCD) has recently been reported as a vertebral anomaly in brachycephalic dogs. This retrospective, single\u2010institutional study aimed to estimate the prevalence of VVCD number and type in thoracic vertebrae of three brachycephalic breeds and a non\u2010brachycephalic control group, and to correlate the findings with the brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) functional grading. Thoracic CT studies of French Bulldogs, English Bulldogs, and Pugs that had previously undergone BOAS assessment were retrospectively reviewed. Non\u2010brachycephalic dogs that underwent a thoracic CT scan were matched by weight with the BOAS group and randomly selected to be part of the control group. The prevalence of VVCD involving \u22651 thoracic vertebra was 20% (6\/30) in the control group, 56.9% (136\/239) in French Bulldogs, 95.3% (41\/43) in English Bulldogs, and 87.3% (55\/63) in Pugs. French Bulldogs had significantly fewer vertebrae affected than the other brachycephalic breeds (\n                    <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;\u00a00.001). BOAS grade III dogs had more affected vertebrae; however, this was not statistically significant on multivariable analysis. The difference between the VVCD type and BOAS grades was not significant (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.33). As BOAS severity was not correlated with either the presence or type of VVCD, no evidence was found to support a causative link between BOAS grading and the degree of vertebral vascular canal dilation. The potential role of raised intrathoracic or intra\u2010abdominal pressures in the development of VVCD therefore remains hypothetical.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.70236","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T11:02:41Z","timestamp":1789729361000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Vertebral Vascular Canal Dysplasia in Three Brachycephalic Breeds and Its Relationship With BOAS Grade"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Margarida","family":"de Almeida Coelho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"},{"name":"Small Animal Teaching Hospital University of Liverpool, Neston  Wirral UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8636-5040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Maddox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Teaching Hospital University of Liverpool, Neston  Wirral UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8076-4021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jane F.","family":"Ladlow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"},{"name":"Granta Veterinary Specialists  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3320-6043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie\u2010Aude","family":"Genain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2020.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.13933"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40575-015-0023-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2025.106484"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.12735"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2005.tb00320.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0130741"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12753"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12172"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/vetr.509"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.01.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.13103"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","first-page":"131S","article-title":"Effects of Hypoxic Stress on Vertebral Growth Plates","volume":"6","author":"Bisland S. 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