{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T08:58:34Z","timestamp":1790585914002,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Radiology Ultrasound"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Pathologic fracture is a complication of bone cancer with probable increased risk following radiation therapy (RT). Low\u2010dose\u2010rate (LDR) RT can spare late\u2010responding normal tissues by allowing intrafraction DNA repair, which could also impact tumor response. This retrospective cohort study evaluated efficacy and fracture rate in canine patients (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0184) with confirmed or suspected appendicular osteosarcoma that received 10\u00a0Gy\u00a0\u00d7\u00a02 palliative RT on consecutive days with LDR (cobalt\u201060) or standard\u2010dose\u2010rate (SDR, linear accelerator). The overall fracture rate was 21.7%. Patients treated with SDR (600\u00a0cGy\/min,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a046) and LDR (range 21.9\u201383.29\u00a0cGy\/min,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0152) did not differ in pathologic fracture rates (22.4% vs. 17.4%, respectively,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.54) or median survival times (231 vs. 248.5 days, respectively,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.448). Pathologic fracture rates did not differ on the basis of weight (&lt;35, 35\u201350, and &gt;50\u00a0kg) or location (24% forelegs, 18% hindlegs,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.44). However, no dog (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a07) weighing less than 20\u00a0kg developed a fracture. Radiographs prior to RT were subjectively assessed for bone integrity. Dogs with predominantly lytic lesions did not have a significantly higher pathologic fracture rate (21.2%\u201331.69% lytic\/mixed vs. 10%\u201312.5% proliferative,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.054), suggesting that pretreatment radiographic appearance does not reflect fracture risk. Additionally, the presence of a pretreatment cortical bone defect was not associated with eventual fracture (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.7). Adjunctive chemotherapy improved survival time significantly (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.01). On the basis of our data, it is reasonable to compare response rates and survival outcomes in published studies using cobalt irradiation with reports using linear accelerators.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.70245","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T08:31:13Z","timestamp":1790584273000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Risk Factors for Pathologic Fracture in Dogs With Confirmed or Suspected Appendicular Osteosarcoma Treated With Low\u2010 or Standard\u2010Dose\u2010Rate Palliative External Beam Radiation Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2768-6118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Kurtzman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine University of Illinois  Urbana Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4475-9719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Rappleyea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine University of Illinois  Urbana Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0802-9345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matt","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine University of Illinois  Urbana Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7296-4413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jayme","family":"Looper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Louisiana State University  Baton Rouge Louisiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audrey","family":"Billhymer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine University of Illinois  Urbana Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim A.","family":"Selting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine University of Illinois  Urbana Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","first-page":"463","volume-title":"Small Animal Clinical Oncology","author":"Ehrhart N. 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