{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T11:11:23Z","timestamp":1790161883449,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Radiology Ultrasound"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Subchondral bone sclerosis of the distal third palmar\/plantar metacarpal\/metatarsal condyles is a common radiographic finding in Thoroughbred racehorses. Traditionally, assessment has relied on two\u2010dimensional (2D) linear measurements; however, advances in imaging software now allow three\u2010dimensional (3D) volumetric quantification of subchondral bone. This study aimed to assess the relationship and agreement between computed tomography (CT)\u2010derived 2D linear and volumetric measurements of condylar sclerosis and computer\u2010generated 3D volumetric measurements and determine whether 2D measurements could provide a practical alternative to 3D analysis. A total of 62 Thoroughbred racehorses (96 fetlock joints; 59 forelimbs, and 37 hindlimbs) underwent standing fan\u2010beam CT (FBCT). Retrospective image analysis was performed using Horos for 2D measurements and Volume Graphics Studio Max for 3D volumetric quantification. Associations between 2D and 3D measurements were assessed using Pearson's correlation (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and coefficients of determination (\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). Agreement was evaluated using Bland\u2013Altman analysis, whereas linear mixed\u2010effects models identified predictors of 3D sclerosis volume. Inter\u2010 and intraobserver agreements were assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Estimated sclerosis volume derived from 2D measurements showed a strong positive correlation with 3D sclerosis volume (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.79,\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.62, 95% CI for\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.73\u20130.85). Dorsopalmar\/Plantar sclerosis was strongly correlated with condylar 3D sclerosis volume (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.76,\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.58, 95% CI for\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.69\u20130.81). Interobserver (ICC\u00a0=\u00a00.969) and intraobserver (ICC\u00a0=\u00a00.982) agreement was excellent. Although 2D measurements may provide a practical alternative when 3D software is unavailable, the methods are not directly interchangeable, particularly with greater sclerosis volume.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.70246","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T11:23:15Z","timestamp":1789644195000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Correlation of 2D Linear and 3D Volumetric Measurement Techniques for Subchondral Bone Sclerosis in the Equine Distal Limb Using Standing Computed Tomography"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8405-908X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annabelle C.","family":"Trainor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine Specialist Hospital The University of Queensland UQ Gatton Campus  Gatton Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5527-8964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin J.","family":"Ahern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine Specialist Hospital The University of Queensland UQ Gatton Campus  Gatton Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ekaterina V.","family":"Strounina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Sustainable Minerals Institute The University of Queensland UQ St Lucia Campus  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3603-2245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frederik E.","family":"Pauwels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plexus Veterinary Imaging, Wainui  Gisborne New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex C.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine Specialist Hospital The University of Queensland UQ Gatton Campus  Gatton Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13182912"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2005.08.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20107580.2008.00996.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042\u20103306.1999.tb03807.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.14465"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2746\/042516405774479951"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.13414"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12512"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14131866"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12574"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.14131"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12312"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740\u20108261.2009.01653.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0135796"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13172780"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/12\u2010161"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2005.66.1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","first-page":"337","article-title":"Volumetric Evaluation of Pituitary Gland in Dog and Cat Using Computed Tomography","volume":"9","author":"Nadimi S.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Veterinary Research Forum"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.13221"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12415"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.14048"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0101230"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2024.106561"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11123366"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12948"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12794"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13050827"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.68.8.841"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042\u20103306.1999.tb03806.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042\u20103306.1999.tb03805.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.70106"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Radiology &amp; Ultrasound"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vru.70246","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/vru.70246","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vru.70246","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T10:20:00Z","timestamp":1790158800000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vru.70246"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vru.70246"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vru.70246","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-8183","1740-8261"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-8183","type":"print"},{"value":"1740-8261","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-01-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-18","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70246"}}