{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T16:09:40Z","timestamp":1761581380166,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,8]],"date-time":"2016-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1452211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To report the long term clinical outcome of calves treated surgically or managed conservatively for bovine spastic paresis of the gastrocnemius (BSP\u2010G), quadriceps femoris muscle (BSP\u2010Q), or mixed muscle involvement (BSP\u2010M).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective case study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title><jats:p>Calves (n\u2009=\u200979) with bovine spastic paresis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Medical records of calves treated by partial tibial neurectomy or managed conservatively for bovine spastic paresis were analyzed for sex, breed, lineage history, and the onset, duration, and severity of clinical signs. Cases were classified as unilateral or bilateral BSP\u2010G, BSP\u2010Q, or BSP\u2010M. Long term follow\u2010up information was obtained by telephone questionnaire.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study group included 26 BSP\u2010G (33%), 16 BSP\u2010Q (20%), and 37 BSP\u2010M (47%) calves. BSP\u2010M and BSP\u2010Q calves were significantly more bilaterally affected compared to BSP\u2010G calves. Twenty\u2010five of 26 BSP\u2010G calves were treated surgically; 86% had complete resolution of clinical signs. Twenty\u2010nine of 37 BSP\u2010M calves were treated surgically; 81.5% improved, but none completely recovered. In all of the conservatively managed BSP\u2010M calves, clinical signs gradually worsened. None of the BSP\u2010Q calves were treated surgically; in 66.7%, clinical signs gradually worsened and 33.3% of calves spontaneously improved.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Partial tibial neurectomy is advocated for the treatment of BSP\u2010G and in selected cases of BSP\u2010M. However, only partial resolution of clinical signs should be expected for BSP\u2010M. No surgical treatment exists for BSP\u2010Q calves, although spontaneous improvement is possible.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.12432","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,10]],"date-time":"2016-01-10T11:07:12Z","timestamp":1452424032000},"page":"187-193","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Long Term Outcome of Conservative Management or Surgical Treatment of Bovine Spastic Paresis: 79 Cases"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Caroline","family":"De Vlamynck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology of Domestic Animals Ghent University Merelbeke Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frederik","family":"Pille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology of Domestic Animals Ghent University Merelbeke Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lieven","family":"Vlaminck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology of Domestic Animals Ghent University Merelbeke Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02268979"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"163","article-title":"La contracture des muscles jumeaux chez le boeuf","volume":"51","author":"Hamoir J","year":"1922","journal-title":"Echo V\u00e9t"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1974.tb05288.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"1043","article-title":"Spastic paresis in beef and dairy cattle","volume":"76","author":"Keith JR","year":"1981","journal-title":"Vet Med Sm Anim Clin"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.79.8.226"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"1234","article-title":"Modified gastrocnemius tenectomy: a procedure to relieve spastic paresis in dairy calves","volume":"86","author":"Weaver AD","year":"1991","journal-title":"Vet Med\u2010US"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.147.1.16"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"295","article-title":"Modified gastrocnemius tenectomy with intact deep calcaneal tendinous tissues to relieve spastic paresis in bullocks","volume":"73","author":"Barvalia DR","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vet Arhiv"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","first-page":"261","article-title":"La par\u00e9sie spastique du quadriceps femoral: une nouvelle entit\u00e9 clinique chez le veau de race Blanc Bleu Belge","volume":"147","author":"Touati K","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann M\u00e9d V\u00e9t"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"14","article-title":"Recente evolutie van spastische parese bij het kalf","volume":"44","author":"Vertenten G","year":"2006","journal-title":"Het Dierenartsen Weekblad"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.74.5.750"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"598","article-title":"Spastic paresis in beef Shorthorn cattle","volume":"151","author":"Leipold HW","year":"1967","journal-title":"J Am Vet Ass"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.86.23.694"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","first-page":"101","volume-title":"Bovine anatomy. 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