{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T17:03:26Z","timestamp":1783789406377,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]],"date-time":"2016-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1464739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Center for Equine Health"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the feasibility of intra\u2010arterial administration of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in the median artery of standing horses and evaluate the distribution and retention of radiolabeled cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>In vivo experimental study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title><jats:p>Six research horses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Technetium<jats:sup>99m<\/jats:sup>\u2010HexaMethyl\u2010Propylene\u2010Amine Oxime\u2010labeled MSC were injected under ultrasound guidance in the median artery of 6 front limbs of 3 horses, standing under sedation. Scintigraphic images were obtained at the time of injection, and at 1, 6, and 24 hours postinjection. Six additional limbs from 3 horses were similarly injected with unlabeled MSC. Ultrasound was performed the following day for assessment of vascular changes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intra\u2010arterial injection was performed successfully in 11 of 12 limbs. In 1 limb, partial periarterial injection compromised the success of the procedure. Homogeneous distribution of radiolabeled MSC was observed through the entire distal limb, including within the hoof. Partial venous thrombosis was found in both groups of horses, but was subjectively less severe in horses injected with unlabeled MSC. No lameness was observed. Transient swelling of the distal limb occurred in only 1 limb.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intra\u2010arterial injection of MSC can be performed in standing horses under sedation and successfully distribute MSC to the distal limb. A risk of periarterial injection was identified but can be reduced with proper sedation, local anesthesia, and increased experience. Partial venous thrombosis was observed as a complication, but did not cause changes of clinical importance, other than rare transient swelling.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.12485","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]],"date-time":"2016-06-01T07:56:39Z","timestamp":1464767799000},"page":"619-624","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Scintigraphic Tracking of Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Distal Limb After Intra\u2010Arterial Injection in Standing Horses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Pablo","family":"Espinosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis Davis, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathieu","family":"Spriet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis Davis, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert","family":"Sole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis Davis, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naomi J.","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis Davis, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Betsy","family":"Vaughan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis Davis, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larry D.","family":"Galuppo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis Davis, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2011.00363.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.69.7.928"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280701788241"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"509","article-title":"How to select cases and utilize stem cells in tendon injury","volume":"60","author":"Smith RK","year":"2014","journal-title":"AAEP Proceedings"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2011.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-005-0648-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2009.01536.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12129"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.73.9.1435"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2011.00530.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12063"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12137"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2014.12289.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","unstructured":"2011 Louis MO Saunders SK Ringer J Auer J Stick : Chemical restraint for standing surgery 253"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12260"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","volume-title":"equine joint injection and regional anesthesia","author":"Moyer W. 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