{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T21:36:37Z","timestamp":1763415397150,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,23]],"date-time":"2016-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1474588800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe the morphology of porto\u2010azygos shunts in a large series of dogs using computed tomography (CT) angiography.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dogs (n=36) with porto\u2010azygos shunts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>CT angiography was performed in dogs subsequently proven to have a porto\u2010azygos shunt. The origin and insertion of the shunts were assessed on native images. The diameter of the porto\u2010azygos shunt and the portal vein, cranial and caudal to the shunt origin, were measured. The porto\u2010azygos shunt anatomy was studied on three\u2010dimensional images.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All porto\u2010azygos shunts originated either in the left gastric vein (33 left gastro\u2010azygos shunts) or the right gastric vein (3 right gastro\u2010azygos shunts). Two left gastro\u2010azygos shunts had concurrent caval\u2010azygos continuation and 2 right gastro\u2010azygos shunts had a caudal splenic loop. All shunts crossed the diaphragm through the esophageal hiatus. The majority of porto\u2010azygos shunts (32) followed a straight pathway after traversing the diaphragm, although 4 shunts followed a tortuous route. All shunts terminated in the thoracic part of the azygos vein, perpendicular to the aorta. The shunt diameter at insertion was only 3 mm on average. The insertion site was consistently the narrowest part of the shunt.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>CT angiography was well suited to provide anatomic details of porto\u2010azygos shunts and comprehensively documented that all porto\u2010azygos shunts had a thoracic terminus, after crossing the diaphragm through the esophageal hiatus. Different shunt types existed with minor variations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.12553","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,23]],"date-time":"2016-09-23T07:47:09Z","timestamp":1474616829000},"page":"1005-1012","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Determination of Porto\u2010Azygos Shunt Anatomy in Dogs by Computed Tomography Angiography"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3723-0849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matan","family":"Or","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Medicine and Clinical Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University Merelbeke Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kumiko","family":"Ishigaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences Nihon University Kanagawa 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