{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]],"date-time":"2025-12-24T14:54:48Z","timestamp":1766588088913},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,30]],"date-time":"2016-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1480464000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Canine Spine Intramural Fund, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare the biomechanical properties of 2 veterinary locking plates and monocortical screws\/polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) fixation in canine cadaveric cervical vertebral columns.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Biomechanical cadaveric study.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Materials:<\/jats:bold> Nineteen cervical vertebral columns (C2\u2013C7) from large breed, skeletally mature, canine cadavers were used. A cortical ring was placed as a disk spacer at C4\u2013C5 in all specimens. Seven vertebral columns were plated at C4\u2013C5 with two 4\u2010hole, 3.5 mm string of pearls plates (SOP) and 6 vertebral columns were plated with two 6\u2010hole, 2.4 mm titanium locking reconstruction plates (Ti recon plate). All screws were placed monocortically. Six vertebral columns had monocortical titanium screws and PMMA (Ti screws\/PMMA) placed, tested as part of a prior study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Stiffness testing in 3 directions was performed of the unaltered C4\u2013C5 vertebral motion unit and repeated after placement of the disk spacer and implants. Data were compared using a linear mixed model that incorporated data from previously tested spines (Ti screw\/PMMA).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean (95% CI) stiffness (N\/m) in extension for SOP was 407 N\/mm (330\u2013503), for Ti recon plate was 284 N\/mm (198\u2013407) and for Ti screws\/PMMA was 365 N\/mm (314\u2013428); in flexion for SOP was 250 N\/mm (178\u2013354), for Ti recon plate was 147 N\/mm (106\u2013204) and for Ti screws\/PMMA was 311 (235\u2013416); in lateral bending for SOP was 528 N\/mm (441\u2013633), for Ti recon plate was 633 N\/mm (545\u2013735) and for Ti screws\/PMMA was 327 N\/mm (257\u2013412). There were no significant differences in stiffness between the 3 fixations for any outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Monocortical fixation with two 3.5 mm SOP or two 2.4 mm Ti recon plates may be an alternate fixation to monocortical screws and PMMA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.12581","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,30]],"date-time":"2016-11-30T19:39:03Z","timestamp":1480534743000},"page":"95-102","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Biomechanical Comparison of 2 Veterinary Locking Plates to Monocortical Screw\/Polymethylmethacrylate Fixation in Canine Cadaveric Cervical Vertebral Column"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Bianca F.","family":"Hettlich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey T.","family":"Fosgate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alan S.","family":"Litsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, College of Medicine The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2010.00755.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2008.00400.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"677","article-title":"Caudal cervical spondylomyelopathy\u2014decompression by linear traction and stabilization with Steinmann pins and poly(methyl methacrylate)","volume":"25","author":"Bruecker KA","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3415\/VCOT-09-02-0025","article-title":"Caudal cervical arthrodesis using a distractable fusion cage in a dog","volume":"23","author":"da Silva CA","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2011.00839.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2014.12165.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2013.12040.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.70.6.719"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2005.66.678"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"340","article-title":"Surgical management of canine cervical spondylopathy","volume":"138","author":"McKee M","year":"1996","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1998.tb03749.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2013.12044.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.12325"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2011.00850.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2009.00541.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2007.00356.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199411000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/648787"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-200409000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2003.09.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","unstructured":"United\u2010States EPA: Methyl methacrylate\u2014interim acute exposure guideline levels. 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