{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T14:46:35Z","timestamp":1787237195659,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,30]],"date-time":"2018-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the content and face validity of a model of an obstructed feline ureter as a tool for teaching ureteral microsurgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective, experimental study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Sample population<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seven expert and 11 novice microsurgeons.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The model was created from latex rubber with an inner diameter of 0.8 mm and an outer diameter of 5 mm. The \u201cureter\u201d was created with an inner compartment, a thin wall, and a soft, outer layer mimicking periureteral fat. A \u201cureterolith\u201d 0.8\u20101.2 mm in diameter was placed inside the inner compartment by using a blunt\u2010tipped cannula. A standardized \u201cureterotomy\u201d was performed by 7 expert and 11 novice microsurgeons. Both groups completed questionnaires evaluating the content and face validity of the model using subjective measures and a 5\u2010point Likert scale. Reliability was analysed by calculation of Cronbach's \u03b1 for all questions to ensure \u03b1\u2009\u2265\u2009.7. The median responses to each question were compared between groups with a nonparametric independent samples median test.\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.05 was considered significant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Cronbach's \u03b1 for the experts and the novices for content validity questions was .7 and .9, respectively, and for the face validity questions it was .7 and .8, respectively. The model was rated to have excellent content validity and very good face validity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion and impact<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The model elicited positive responses from expert and novice microsurgeons and can be recommended as a tool for teaching ureteral microsurgery. A model validated by face and content measures should next be scrutinized by determination of construct, concurrent, and predictive validity by using objective measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.12769","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,30]],"date-time":"2018-01-30T09:44:59Z","timestamp":1517305499000},"page":"357-366","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Validation of a model of feline ureteral obstruction as a tool for teaching microsurgery to veterinary surgeons"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Heidi","family":"Phillips","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine University of Illinois at Urbana\u2010Champaign Urbana Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary W.","family":"Ellison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences University of Florida Gainesville Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyle G.","family":"Mathews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lillian R.","family":"Aronson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chad W.","family":"Schmiedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery University of Georgia Athens Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gil","family":"Robello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PetCare Veterinary Hospital Santa Rosa California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura 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