{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T10:19:37Z","timestamp":1785147577108,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,20]],"date-time":"2018-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1526774400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012292","name":"Massey University Working Dog Centre","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012292","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the association between a greater rostral projection of the sacral lamina and clinical signs of cauda equina syndrome (CES) in German shepherd dogs (GSD) with presumptive degenerative lumbosacral disease (DLSS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective cohort study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Sample population<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred forty\u2010three GSD (125 police dogs and 18 pet dogs) presenting for either CES or prebreeding evaluation. Fifty\u2010five were classified as affected by CES and diagnosed with DLSS, and 88 were classified as unaffected on the basis of clinical and imaging findings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The position of the rostral edge of the sacral lamina was measured from radiographs and\/or computed tomography (CT) scans. This position was compared between affected and unaffected dogs. In dogs that underwent both radiography and CT scanning, the agreement between sacral lamina localization using each imaging modality was determined. Owners\/handlers were contacted to determine whether dogs subsequently developed clinical signs compatible with CES at a mean of 29 months (unaffected).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The sacral lamina did not extend as far rostrally in affected dogs, compared to unaffected dogs (<jats:italic>P =<\/jats:italic>.04). Among the 88 dogs unaffected by CES at initial evaluation, 2 developed clinical signs consistent with CES at follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rostral projection of the sacral lamina, previously proposed as a potential risk factor in dogs with CES due to lumbosacral degeneration, was not associated with a diagnosis of DLSS in this study; the opposite was true.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rostral projection of the sacral lamina may not be a predisposing factor in the development of CES due to DLSS in GSD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.12899","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,21]],"date-time":"2018-05-21T05:40:41Z","timestamp":1526881241000},"page":"654-663","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Evaluation of the rostral projection of the sacral lamina as a component of degenerative lumbosacral stenosis in German shepherd dogs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Harvey","family":"Saunders","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Science Massey University Palmerston North New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Worth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Science Massey University Palmerston North New Zealand"},{"name":"Massey University Working Dog Centre Massey University Palmerston North New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janis P.","family":"Bridges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Science Massey University Palmerston North New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Hartman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NZEvet Nelson New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"166","article-title":"Degenerative lumbosacral stenosis in dogs","volume":"1","author":"Chambers JN.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Vet Med Rep."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2010.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00480169.2009.64719"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"61","article-title":"Canine lumbosacral diseases. Part I: anatomy, pathophysiology, and clinical presentation","volume":"13","author":"Palmer RH","year":"1991","journal-title":"Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet (Eur)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1993.202.11.1877","article-title":"Lumbosacral transitional vertebrae as a predisposing cause of cauda equina syndrome in German shepherd dogs\u2014161 cases (1987\u20101990)","volume":"202","author":"Morgan JP","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2001.tb02040.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7120\/09627286.22.2.167"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/AJVR.2002.63.86"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","volume-title":"Intervertebral Disc Degeneration in Dogs","author":"Bergknut N.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1980.tb01212.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"215","article-title":"CT examination of the canine lumbosacral spine in extension and flexion. Part 1: bone window","volume":"13","author":"Henninger W","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Companion Anim Pract."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2012.07.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jvet.1999.0091"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2007.00288.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1617374"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.67.1.43"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.69.11.1446"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.1998.tb01608.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12282"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1993.tb03897.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000188117.77657.ee"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01605070"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.229.12.1924"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jvet.2003.50001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(00)50005-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","first-page":"3:130","article-title":"Results of treatment of degenerative lumbosacral stenosis in dogs by exploration and excision","author":"Chambers JN","year":"1988","journal-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0442.2004.00587.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.231.10.1529"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fvsu.12899","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vsu.12899","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,6]],"date-time":"2024-07-06T21:57:02Z","timestamp":1720303022000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vsu.12899"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,20]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vsu.12899"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vsu.12899","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0161-3499","1532-950X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0161-3499","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-950X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-10-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-04-07","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-05-20","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}