{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T22:49:18Z","timestamp":1789685358046,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,13]],"date-time":"2018-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1531440000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Stiftelsen Svensk Djursjukv\u00e5rd AB Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To develop arthroscopic approaches to the atlanto\u2010occipital (A\u2010O) and describe associated arthroscopic anatomy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Experimental ex vivo study and clinical case report.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ten equine cadaver joints and 1 clinical case.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>CT arthrograms of 8 A\u2010O joints were performed to determine the placement of an arthroscopic portal. Arthroscopy was performed via dorsal and\/or ventral approaches (dorsal or ventral to the longissimus capitis tendon) in 10 cadaveric A\u2010O joints and the A\u2010O joint of a 2\u2010week\u2010old foal with septic arthritis. Accessible cartilage was debrided in 3 cadaver joints. Accessibility and risks were assessed by review of arthroscopic images, postoperative necropsy, and computed tomography (CT).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dorsal and ventral outpouchings of the A\u2010O joint were identified with CT. Arthroscopy of the dorsal pouch provided access to 50% of the dorsocranial occipital condyle and 15% of the dorsocranial atlas articular surfaces. Joint distension caused displacement of the dura. Dura perforation occurred with a blind dorsal approach in 2 of 5 joints. Dura perforation did not occur after ultrasonography\u2010guided approaches. Arthroscopic debridement of septic arthritis and osteomyelitis was successful in 1 clinical case.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Approaches to the A\u2010O joint were determined from CT examinations. The cranial aspect of the dorsal pouch of the A\u2010O joint was accessed via arthroscopic triangulation in all horses of this study. Ultrasound\u2010guided joint access prevented perforation of vital structures, including the spinal canal.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Advanced imaging improves the diagnosis of A\u2010O joint pathology. Descriptions of arthroscopic anatomy and accessibility provide important information for surgical intervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.12932","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,13]],"date-time":"2018-07-13T13:23:36Z","timestamp":1531488216000},"page":"756-767","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Arthroscopic approach and intra\u2010articular anatomy of the equine atlanto\u2010occipital joint"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8446-3285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linda","family":"Wright","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Evidensia Equine Hospital Helsingborg Helsingborg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah M.","family":"Puchalski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Circle Oak Equine Petaluma CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mads","family":"Kristoffersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evidensia Equine Hospital Helsingborg Helsingborg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Casper","family":"Lindegaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evidensia Equine Hospital Helsingborg Helsingborg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1978.tb02232.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"73","volume-title":"Atlas der R\u00f6ntgendiagnostik beim Pferd. 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