{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T09:40:52Z","timestamp":1783762852989,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,13]],"date-time":"2019-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Mrs. Jaynn Emory and the Orthopaedic Research Center"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Identify relevant electromyography (EMG), kinematic, and kinetic changes resulting from monopolar radiofrequency energy (MRFE)\u2010induced cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) injury and eventual rupture in dogs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Experimental, repeated measures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title><jats:p>Five purpose\u2010bred female dogs free of orthopedic and neurologic disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Surface EMG, joint kinematics, and ground reaction forces were assessed at a trot in the pelvic limbs at baseline, at 2 and 4\u2009weeks after unilateral MRFE\u2010induced CCL injury, and at 4, 8, and 16\u2009weeks after CCL rupture (CCLR).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>After MRFE\u2010induced injury, average hip joint range of motion (ROM) during stance decreased within the untreated pelvic limb. After CCLR, stifle flexion angles decreased within the treated limb at 8\u2009weeks and within the untreated pelvic limb at all time points, whereas average tarsal joint ROM decreased in the treated limb and increased in the untreated limb. Peak vertical ground reaction force and impulse decreased within the treated limb. Qualitative alterations of many EMG values were noted after MRFE\u2010induced injury and CCLR, although significant differences between limbs or from baseline values were not detected.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Monopolar radiofrequency energy\u2010induced injury altered contralateral hip kinematics, suggesting early regional compensatory gait alterations. After CCLR, additional compensatory gait patterns occurred in both pelvic limbs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical impact<\/jats:title><jats:p>The qualitative analysis of trial\u2010averaged EMG data in this small population supports a relationship between neuromuscular function and induced CCL injury leading to rupture.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.13178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,13]],"date-time":"2019-02-13T17:27:21Z","timestamp":1550078841000},"page":"388-400","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Gait and electromyographic alterations due to early onset of injury and eventual rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament in dogs: A pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Caroline P.","family":"Adrian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin K.","family":"Haussler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher E.","family":"Kawcak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"II","given":"Raoul F.","family":"Reiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Exercise Science Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheryl","family":"Riegger\u2010Krugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Physical Therapy Walsh University North Canton Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ross H.","family":"Palmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. 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