{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T14:42:27Z","timestamp":1787496147014,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,28]],"date-time":"2019-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551312000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Association for Veterinary Orthopedic Research and Education"},{"name":"Canine Companions for Independence, Santa Rosa, CA"},{"name":"New York Veterinary Specialty Center, Farmingdale, NY"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the magnitude and direction of radial torsion (RT) in dogs with medial compartment disease (MCD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Case\u2010control study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Sample population<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty\u2010eight healthy dogs and 28 dogs with confirmed MCD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Computed tomography images of each dog's antebrachium were evaluated. Radial torsion was measured by using previously described landmarks on the proximal and distal radius. Differences between groups were tested with Student's\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      tests and Wilcoxon rank\u2010sum tests.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Healthy dogs had a mean RT angle of 3.44\u00b0 (range, 1.28\u00b0\u20105.44\u00b0). Dogs with MCD had a mean RT angle of 11.84\u00b0 (range, 2.31\u00b0\u201026.55\u00b0). Both groups included similar proportions of dogs with external (76% vs 77%) and internal (24% vs 23%) torsion. The direction of torsion (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.21 and\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.69) did not appear to affect the magnitude of the RT angle.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dogs with MCD had an increased RT angle compared with healthy controls. The direction of torsion varied similarly between groups regardless of the disease status of dogs in this study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The fourfold increase in the RT seen in dogs with MCD may contribute to the rotational overload proposed recently, potentially modifying the orientation of the elliptical radial head and the ligaments crossing the elbow joint.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.13180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,28]],"date-time":"2019-02-28T22:50:13Z","timestamp":1551394213000},"page":"869-877","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Radial torsion in dogs with medial compartment disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Emanouil P.","family":"Petkov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Surgery New York Veterinary Specialty Center  Farmingdale, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnold S.","family":"Lesser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Surgery New York Veterinary Specialty Center  Farmingdale, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott M.","family":"Lozier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Surgery VCA Northwest Veterinary Specialists  Clackamas, Oregon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick J.","family":"Maguire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Surgery New York Veterinary Specialty Center  Farmingdale, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony J.","family":"Fischetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Animal Medical Center  New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaeil","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics, and Biomathematics Georgetown University Medical Center  Washington DC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5326\/15473317-35-4-332"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2008.00481.x"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"E26","article-title":"Structural analysis of canine medial coronoid disease by micro CT: radial incisure versus tip fragmentation","volume":"40","author":"Fitzpatrick N","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet Surg."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.12449"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2008.00489.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2005.00107.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1632965"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3415\/VCOT-14-02-0017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2007.00322.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3415\/VCOT-08-12-0125"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2005.tb00328.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"2332","volume-title":"Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal","author":"Tobias KM","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","unstructured":"LozierSM. 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