{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T10:47:53Z","timestamp":1772016473685,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,21]],"date-time":"2019-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561075200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the effect of combining a continuous epitendinous suture with three\u2010loop pulley (3LP) and locking\u2010loop (LL) core patterns for flexor tendon repair.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ex vivo biomechanical study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Sample population<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seventy\u2010two cadaveric superficial digital flexor musculotendon (SDFT) units.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tendons were divided into four groups (n = 18\/group). After sharp transection, SDFT were repaired with 3LP, LL, 3LP\u2009+\u2009epitendinous (E), or LL\u2009+\u2009E suture patterns. After preloading, repaired constructs were tested to failure. Video data acquisition allowed evaluation of failure mode and quantitation of gap formation. Yield, peak, and failure force were measured from force\u2010displacement data. Significance was set at <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mode of failure did not differ between repairs with or without an epitendinous suture (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .255). Gap formation was best prevented with 3LP compared with LL when used alone (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .001). Mean yield force for 3LP, LL, 3LP\u2009+\u2009E, and LL\u2009+\u2009E were 91.4\u2009N\u2009\u00b1\u200925.4, 61.3\u2009N\u2009\u00b1\u200918.4, 195.2\u2009N\u2009\u00b1\u200966.0, 165.3\u2009N\u2009\u00b1\u200946.8, respectively. Tenorrhaphies combined with an epitendinous suture achieved higher yield (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.0001), peak (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.0001), and failure forces (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.0001), without gapping between tendon ends.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Addition of an epitendinous suture eliminated gapping between tendon ends until failure and increased resistance to loads tolerated at the repair site.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>The addition of an epitendinous suture may increase the strength of tendon repairs and resistance to gap formation over core suture use alone. The influence of epitendinous suture placement on tendinous healing and blood supply warrants in\u2010vivo testing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.13268","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,21]],"date-time":"2019-06-21T08:40:46Z","timestamp":1561106446000},"page":"1229-1236","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Effect of a continuous epitendinous suture as adjunct to three\u2010loop pulley and locking\u2010loop patterns for flexor tendon repair in a canine model"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Allison B.","family":"Putterman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Illinois  Urbana Illinois"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Duffy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University  Raleigh North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariana E.","family":"Kersh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering University of Illinois  Urbana Illinois"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hafizur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering University of Illinois  Urbana Illinois"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George E.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Administration, College of Veterinary Medicine Purdue University  West Lafayette 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