{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T16:44:00Z","timestamp":1770223440989,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,3]],"date-time":"2020-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe the use and outcome of percutaneous cystolithotomy (PCCL) for removal of urethral and bladder stones in dogs and cats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective case series.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixty\u2010eight client\u2010owned dogs and cats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Records were reviewed and analyzed for dogs and cats that underwent PCCL between January 2012 and December 2017. Signalment, clinical presentation, laboratory and imaging data, procedure time, use of lithotripsy, biopsy, perioperative and immediate postoperative complications, hospitalization times, stone composition, and urine culture results were recorded. Owners were contacted by phone or email 3\u2009weeks after the procedure. Follow\u2010up communications with the owner and referring veterinarian were also recorded.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seventy percutaneous cystolithotomies were performed in 59 dogs and nine cats. The median duration of the procedure was 95\u2009minutes (45\u2010420), and lithotripsy was required in 3% (2\/70) of PCCL. Complications during the procedure were reported in one case. In eighty\u2010three percent of procedures (58\/70), animals were discharged within 24\u2009hours postoperative. Twenty\u2010four percent (16\/68) of animals had minor complications (lower urinary tract signs), and one dog had a major complication (surgical wound dehiscence) during the 3\u2009weeks after the operation. Long\u2010term follow\u2010up revealed stone recurrence in 21% of cases followed more than a year after the procedure (7\/33).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Percutaneous cystolithotomy allowed removal of bladder and urethral stones with rapid postoperative recovery and few major perioperative or short\u2010term postoperative complications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Percutaneous cystolithotomy provides an attractive minimally invasive surgical alternative for removal of lower urinary tract stones in small animals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.13398","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,4]],"date-time":"2020-03-04T05:41:03Z","timestamp":1583300463000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Removal of lower urinary tract stones by percutaneous cystolithotomy: 68 cases 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