{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T12:37:45Z","timestamp":1722515865605},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]],"date-time":"2021-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe a novel standing trans\u2010nasal endoscopic guided <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> laser fenestration approach to access the sphenopalatine sinus (SPS) in the horse.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Case report.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cadaver study and client\u2010owned 20\u2010year\u2010old Warmblood gelding.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The rostral palatine bone within the nasopharynx was investigated as a possible site for fenestration to access the SPS in cadavers. The ability to fenestrate the SPS was tested in cadavers using a flexible endoscope and CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> laser fiber inserted via biopsy channel. The fenestration procedure was then performed in a clinical case presented for unilateral epistaxis where a soft tissue attenuating mass in the right SPS was identified with standing computed tomography (CT).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The cadaver study demonstrated the appropriate site within the nasopharynx midway between the vomer and dorsal conchal wall. The CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> laser successfully ablated the mucosa and palatine bone to enable endoscopic access to the palatine portion of the SPS. The endoscopic procedure was performed as a two\u2010step process via standing sedation due to mucosal bleeding obscuring visualization. Access to the SPS through fenestration allowed biopsy under direct endoscopic visualization with long\u2010handled bronchoesophageal forceps inserted via the ipsilateral middle meatus. The mass within SPS was determined to be an undifferentiated carcinoma. Further treatment was declined and the horse euthanized 6\u2009months following the procedure due to acute onset of neurologic symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Endoscopically guided fenestration of the rostral palatine bone within the nasopharynx using CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> laser in the standing horse provided good access and visualization of the palatine portion of the SPS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.13647","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]],"date-time":"2021-04-29T15:03:42Z","timestamp":1619708622000},"page":"1350-1358","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Standing trans\u2010nasal endoscopic guided <scp>CO<sub>2<\/sub><\/scp> laser fenestration of the palatine bone to access the sphenopalatine sinus in a horse"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Jairo 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