{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T05:37:22Z","timestamp":1777613842906,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]],"date-time":"2021-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare biomechanical characteristics of three\u2010loop pulley (3LP) pattern versus Bunnell technique (BT) using polydioxanone (PDS) suture; to determine the influence of polyester tape (PT) versus PDS on the BT for equine superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) tenorrhaphy; to compare BT with PT versus 3LP with PDS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ex vivo biomechanical study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Sample Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty equine forelimb SDFT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two experiments were performed: (1) 10 SDFT pairs were repaired with 3LP or BT using PDS; (2) 10 SDFT pairs were repaired with PDS or PT using BT. Load at failure, mode of failure, load at 2\u2009mm gap, and gap at failure were obtained using a material testing machine.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In experiment 1, 3LP\u2009+\u2009PDS<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>had higher loads at failure (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001) and at 2\u2009mm gap (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001), and smaller gap at failure than BT\u2009+\u2009PDS<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>(<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.024). In experiment 2, BT\u2009+\u2009PT<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>had higher loads at failure (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001) and at 2\u2009mm gap (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.001), and larger gap at failure (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.004) than the BT\u2009+\u2009PDS<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>. 3LP\u2009+\u2009PDS<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>and BT\u2009+\u2009PT<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>mostly failed by suture\/implant pull\u2010through while BT\u2009+\u2009PDS failed by suture breakage. BT\u2009+\u2009PT<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>had greater load (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.035) and gap at failure (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001) than 3LP\u2009+\u2009PDS<jats:sub>1,<\/jats:sub>with no difference in load at 2\u2009mm gap (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.14).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The use of BT may be justified over 3LP if combined with PT. However, the larger size of the PT required stab incisions in the tendon for placement and was subjectively more difficult to place than PDS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>The BT\u2009+\u2009PT, although the strongest among the tested repairs, would only be able to withstand 12%\u201324% of the load encountered by the SDFT at walk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.13658","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]],"date-time":"2021-05-13T10:36:38Z","timestamp":1620902198000},"page":"1137-1146","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["An ex vivo biomechanical comparison of two suture materials and two pattern combinations for equine superficial digital flexor tendon tenorrhaphy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3563-2107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Giacchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Weipers Centre Equine Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine University of Glasgow Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mattie A.","family":"McMaster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weipers Centre Equine Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine University of Glasgow Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1991.tb03754.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1995.206.03.342","article-title":"Digital flexor tendon lacerations in horses: 50 cases (1975\u20101990)","volume":"206","author":"Taylor DS","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2011.00814.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1992.tb00009.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.148.16.506"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1990.tb01181.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-48420-6.00084-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-199501000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(96)80301-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-7681(85)90001-4"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Tensile strengths of twelve types of knot employed in surgery, using different suture materials","volume":"142","author":"Tera H","year":"1976","journal-title":"Acta Chir Scand"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1996.tb01423.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1990.tb01149.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2005.00089.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2011.00905.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2014.12181.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2011.00856.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.12350"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950x.2004.04020.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1990.tb01139.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0737-0806(89)80047-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.13441"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ilar\/ilu004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2004.03.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-008-0602-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-15-00187"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1308\/147870804957"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2010.0701"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","unstructured":"Neoligament\u2122.AchilloCord Plus\u2122 Product Support. 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