{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T02:08:32Z","timestamp":1747188512692,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,5]],"date-time":"2021-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008349","name":"Boehringer Ingelheim","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Veterinary Scholars Program"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Veterinary Scholars Program"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008349","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013664","name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013664","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare the effects of two doses of doxapram intravenous injection and carbon dioxide inhalation on the cardiovascular and laryngeal functions of anesthetized hounds.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Experimental study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title><jats:p>Six healthy adult dogs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a Latin\u2010square design, the mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded continuously. The inspiratory normalized glottic gap areas (iNGGA) were measured before and after each stimulation with 0.55\u2009mg\/kg of doxapram (L\u2010DOX), 2.2\u00a0mg\/kg of doxapram (H\u2010DOX), or 90\u2009s of inhalation of 10% carbon dioxide in oxygen (I\u2010CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>). The stimulations were tested in duplicate or triplicate. Video clips of the laryngeal movement were scored by board\u2010certified surgeons masked to the treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The MABP increased with L\u2010DOX and H\u2010DOX up to 81% (both <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001 compared to I\u2010CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>), and persisted during the other stimulations (both <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). An intermittent tachycardic effect of up to 79% increase in HR was observed with doxapram. The HR following H\u2010DOX was higher than L\u2010DOX and I\u2010CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (both <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.016). Neither hypertension nor tachycardia was observed with I\u2010CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>. The iNGGA increased with all treatments (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). The iNGGA was greater with H\u2010DOX than L\u2010DOX and I\u2010CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (both <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.007). All treatments received higher scores (all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001) with acceptable inter\u2010 and intra\u2010observers Krippendorff's alphas.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>All treatments were effective respiratory stimulants in anesthetized dogs; however, doxapram caused hypertension and tachycardia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Carbon dioxide inhalation might improve arytenoid motion without cardiovascular effects in dogs during clinical airway examinations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.13709","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,6]],"date-time":"2021-08-06T04:27:55Z","timestamp":1628224075000},"page":"1418-1426","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Influence of doxapram and intermittent 10% carbon dioxide inspiration on cardiovascular and laryngeal functions in anesthetized dogs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4205-8679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel M.","family":"Sakai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia  Athens Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shenise L.","family":"Howard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia  Athens Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel A.","family":"Reed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia  Athens Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jane 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