{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T13:11:28Z","timestamp":1751461888764},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,24]],"date-time":"2021-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637712000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe neurologic signs, diagnostic imaging findings, potential treatments, and outcomes in dogs with subaxial cervical articular process subluxation and dislocation, or a \u201clocked facet.\u201d<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective case series.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ten client\u2010owned dogs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dogs with a diagnosis of cervical locked facets were identified through medical records and imaging reports searches. Data on presenting signs, diagnostic findings, treatment, and outcome were recorded.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All cases were small or toy\u2010breed dogs with preceding trauma. Four dogs were tetraplegic with intact pain perception, five were nonambulatory tetraparetic, and one was ambulatory tetraparetic, with half of the tetraparetic dogs having worse motor function in the thoracic limbs. The only sites affected were C5\/6 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a06) and C6\/7 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a04). All dogs had unilateral dorsal displacement of the cranial articular process of the caudal vertebra relative to the caudal articular process of the cranial vertebra at the luxation site. Five dogs were treated surgically, three by external coaptation, one by restriction, and one was euthanized the day after diagnosis. All dogs with outcome data (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a08) became ambulatory. Nonambulatory dogs returned to ambulation in a median of 4\u2009weeks (IQR 1\u201012; range 1\u201028).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In these dogs, locked facet injuries affected the caudal cervical vertebrae in small breeds and could be identified on imaging through the presence of dorsal displacement of a cranial articular process. Our small cohort had a functional recovery regardless of treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical signiicance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Locked facet injuries should be a differential for small or toy\u2010breed dogs with a cervical myelopathy secondary to trauma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.13746","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]],"date-time":"2021-11-26T09:07:53Z","timestamp":1637917673000},"page":"163-172","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Subaxial cervical articular process subluxation and dislocation: Cervical locked facet injuries in dogs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Christian W.","family":"Woelfel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine Raleigh North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katherine Y.","family":"Bray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carolina Vet Specialists Winston\u2010Salem North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Early","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine Raleigh North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher L.","family":"Mariani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine Raleigh North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natasha J.","family":"Olby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine Raleigh North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3415\/VCOT-08-02-0018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2010.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5326\/15473317-35-2-135"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1965","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1991.198.11.1965","article-title":"Management of vertebral column fractures in dogs and cats: 211 cases (1977\u20101985)","volume":"198","author":"Selcer RR","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2006.00106.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"885","article-title":"Blunt spinal trauma in the dog and cat: insight into radiographic lesions","volume":"16","author":"Feeney DA","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1678542"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.12835"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","first-page":"463","article-title":"Cervical fractures in the dog; 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