{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T17:25:04Z","timestamp":1770225904870,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]],"date-time":"2022-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655856000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the severity of nasopharyngeal collapse in brachycephalic dogs before and after corrective airway surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010three brachycephalic dogs (21 with clinical signs referrable to the upper airway) and nine clinically normal nonbrachycephalic dogs (controls).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dogs were evaluated with fluoroscopy awake and standing with the head in a neutral position. The magnitude of nasopharyngeal collapse was measured as the maximum reduction in the dorsoventral dimension of the nasopharynx during respiration and expressed as a percentage. Brachycephalic dogs were anesthetized, the airway evaluated, and corrective upper airway surgery (alaplasty, staphylectomy, sacculectomy, tonsillectomy) was performed. A cohort (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a011) of the surgically treated brachycephalic dogs had fluoroscopy repeated a minimum of 6\u2009weeks after surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Median preoperative reduction in the dorsoventral dimensions of the nasopharynx was greater in brachycephalic dogs (65%; range: 8\u2013100%) than in controls (10%; range: 1\u201324%,<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.0001). Surgery did not improve the reduction in dorsoventral diameter of the nasopharynx during respiration in brachycephalic dogs (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a011) postoperatively (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.0505).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion and clinical significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nasopharyngeal collapse was a common and sometimes severe component of brachycephalic airway obstruction syndrome in the cohort of dogs evaluated. The lack of significant postoperative improvement may represent a type II error, a failure to adequately address anatomical abnormalities that increase resistance to airflow, or inadequate upper airway dilator muscle function in some brachycephalic dogs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.13841","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,23]],"date-time":"2022-06-23T05:52:45Z","timestamp":1655963565000},"page":"982-989","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Severity of nasopharyngeal collapse before and after corrective upper airway surgery in brachycephalic dogs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Dana L.","family":"Clarke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer A.","family":"Reetz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth J.","family":"Drobatz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David E.","family":"Holt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"153","article-title":"The genetic and endocrine basis for differences in form and behavior: as elucidated by studies of contrasted pure\u2010line dog breeds and their hybrids","volume":"19","author":"Stockard CR","year":"1941","journal-title":"Am Anat Mem"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0137496"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1989.tb01531.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"210","article-title":"Nose operation","volume":"114","author":"Trader RL","year":"1949","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"530","article-title":"Surgical relief for stenotic nares in a dog","volume":"128","author":"Leonard HC","year":"1956","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"535","article-title":"Upper airway obstruction surgery. 1. 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