{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T10:25:34Z","timestamp":1788258334210,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,12]],"date-time":"2022-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare short\u2010 and long\u2010term clinical variables between dogs undergoing a modified percutaneous cystolithotomy (PCCLm) and open cystotomy (OC) and evaluate for risk factors associated with complications and outcomes within the groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 218 dogs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Records were reviewed for dogs that underwent PCCLm or OC between January 2010 and December 2019. Signalment; history and diagnostic findings; procedural, anesthetic, and hospitalized care data; complications; urolith recurrence; and follow\u2010up were recorded. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate effects of clinical variables on outcomes within PCCLm and OC groups and to identify significant categorical variables between PCCLm and OC groups. Two sample <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010tests were used to identify significant numerical variables between PCCLm and OC groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 60.1% (131\/218) of dogs underwent the PCCLm procedure and 39.9% (87\/218) of dogs underwent the OC procedure. Anesthesia time (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001) was significantly longer in the OC group. No significant difference in incomplete urolith removal was noted between groups. Although surgical site infection and inflammation rates were not significantly different between OC and PCCLm groups, incisional infections were significantly associated with complications occurring during PCCLm (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.027). Significantly reduced postoperative lower urinary tract signs (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.022) were noted in the PCCLm group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The PCCLm may result in reduced lower urinary tract signs postoperatively compared to OC, but other clear advantages of the PCCLm were not identified in this study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>PCCLm procedures are an effective alternative to OC for urolith removal in dogs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.13869","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,12]],"date-time":"2022-08-12T15:12:06Z","timestamp":1660317126000},"page":"897-908","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Retrospective comparison of modified percutaneous cystolithotomy (<scp>PCCLm<\/scp>) and traditional open cystotomy (<scp>OC<\/scp>) in dogs: 218 cases (2010\u20132019)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Katherine V.","family":"Adair","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine  Knoxville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cassie N.","family":"Lux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine  Knoxville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaocun","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Tennessee Office of Information and Technology  Knoxville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.236.7.763"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.234.10.1286"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"124","article-title":"Incomplete removal of canine and feline urocystoliths by cystotomy (abstr)","volume":"7","author":"Lulich JP","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.240.2.193"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2004.04076.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jvet.2002.34661"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"419","article-title":"Recurrence of canine urolithiasis","volume":"170","author":"Brown NO","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"1680","article-title":"Evaluation of risk factors associated with suture\u2010nidus cystoliths in dogs and cats: 176 cases (1999\u20102006)","volume":"232","author":"Appel SL","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.246.10.1098"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2015.03.001"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"197","article-title":"Factors affecting the repeated surgery of urolithiasis in dogs after surgical removal at the lower urinary tract","volume":"16","author":"Jummai T","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet Integr Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.13398"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"36","article-title":"Laparoscopic\u2010assisted cystotomy for urolith removal in dogs and cats\u201023 cases","volume":"54","author":"Pinel CB","year":"2013","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2003.222.759"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.239.3.344"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.243.5.703"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2018.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","unstructured":"Iris Staging of CKD.International Renal Interest Society.2021. 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