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Clinical examination, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and histopathological analyses were used to detect and characterize the development and progression of BMLs in the medial femoral condyle at 4, 8, and 12\u2009weeks post\u2010surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pin penetration induced a BML detected on MRI within 2\u2009weeks and lasted at least 12\u2009weeks. BMLs were not observed in ESW\u2010treated condyles. Histologically, BMLs were characterized by hemorrhage and inflammatory cellular infiltrate, and progressed to more dense fibrous tissue over time. Pathological changes were not observed in the articular cartilage overlying the region of BMLs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Direct, focal trauma to all layers of the osteochondral unit was sufficient to create an experimentally\u2010induced BML which persisted for at least 90\u2009days. The protocol used for ESW in this study did not induce BMLs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Experimental induction of BMLs is possible and mimicked naturally occurring disease states. Volumetric imaging is a sensitive method for characterization of the dynamic nature of these lesions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.13919","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,16]],"date-time":"2022-12-16T07:10:37Z","timestamp":1671174637000},"page":"284-298","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Experimental models of bone marrow lesions in ovine femoral condyles"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8655-8069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Holly L.","family":"Stewart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Colorado State University  Fort Collins Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeremiah T.","family":"Easley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical 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