{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T10:27:26Z","timestamp":1781778446790,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,13]],"date-time":"2023-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare antimicrobial activity as demonstrated by the zone of inhibition (ZOI) produced by antibiotic\u2010impregnated calcium sulfate (CaSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>) beads after storage for 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12\u2009months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Controlled laboratory study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Sample population<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three\u2010millimeter diameter CaSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> beads impregnated with vancomycin (125\u2009mg\/mL), or amikacin (250\u2009mg\/mL), or without antibiotic (control).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Calcium sulfate beads were created at the onset of the study. Individual beads were separated in sterile containers and stored in a closed cabinet at room temperature and humidity for 0, 3, 6, 9, or 12\u2009months until testing. The ZOI against methicillin\u2010resistant <jats:italic>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius,<\/jats:italic> methicillin\u2010resistant <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus,<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> was recorded with serial replating on a fresh lawn of bacteria every 24\u2009h until beads failed to produce a ZOI. The ZOIs and their changes were compared with mixed\u2010effects linear models. Eluted concentrations of vancomycin measured with high\u2010performance liquid chromatography were reported.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>At 24\u2009h, ZOIs were comparable regardless of time since formulation, except vancomycin against <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa,<\/jats:italic> which failed to generate a ZOI. The daily changes of ZOI and duration of activity of antibiotics did not vary between storage length (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u2009.05). There was no consistent change in eluted drug concentration between storage length of beads.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Light protected storage at room temperature for up to 12\u2009months did not impair the in vitro activity of antibiotic\u2010impregnated CaSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> beads, as demonstrated through ZOIs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>When stored correctly, antibiotic\u2010impregnated CaSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> beads can be used at least up to 12\u2009months after formulation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.14014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,14]],"date-time":"2023-08-14T06:29:35Z","timestamp":1691994575000},"page":"918-925","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effects of storage up to 1 year on the in vitro antimicrobial activity of preformulated antibiotic\u2010impregnated calcium sulfate beads"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Emily Allyson","family":"Hartman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine  West Lafayette Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Pena Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Pathobiology Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine  West Lafayette Indiana USA"},{"name":"The Indiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory  West Lafayette Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gena Kenitra","family":"Hendrix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Pathobiology Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine  West Lafayette Indiana USA"},{"name":"The Indiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory  West Lafayette Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1990-4280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marije","family":"Risselada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine  West Lafayette Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsin\u2010Yi","family":"Weng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Pathobiology Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine  West Lafayette Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark G.","family":"Papich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University  Raleigh North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8468-163X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sun Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine  West Lafayette Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","volume-title":"Surgical site infections in veterinary medicine; 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